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annotate website/src/tutorial.html @ 1538:634f6765830e
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| author | Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com> |
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| date | Fri, 07 Aug 2020 21:42:16 -0600 |
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| 1216 | 1 <!doctype html> |
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2 <html> |
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3 <head> |
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4 <title>Luan Tutorial</title> |
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5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> |
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6 <style> |
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7 @import "site.css"; |
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8 </style> |
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9 </head> |
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10 <body> |
| 382 | 11 |
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12 <div small> |
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13 <a href=".">Luan</a> |
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14 / <a href="docs.html">Documentation</a> |
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15 </div> |
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16 |
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17 <h1>Luan Tutorial</h1> |
| 382 | 18 |
| 19 | |
| 20 <p>Create a file <b>hello.luan</b> containing:</p> | |
| 21 | |
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22 <pre> |
| 382 | 23 %> |
| 24 Hello World | |
| 25 <% | |
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26 </pre> |
| 382 | 27 |
| 1045 | 28 <p>To run this, type <b>luan hello.luan</b> on the command line. This should print <b>Hello World</b>.</p> |
| 382 | 29 |
| 30 <p>The syntax here is based on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaServer_Pages">JSP</a>. Let's change it a little:</p> | |
| 31 | |
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32 <pre> |
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33 local name = "Bob" |
| 382 | 34 %> |
| 35 Hello <%= name %> | |
| 36 <% | |
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37 </pre> |
| 382 | 38 |
| 39 <p>This should print <b>Hello Bob</b>. Now let's try a more conventional approach:</p> | |
| 40 | |
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41 <pre> |
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42 local Io = require "luan:Io.luan" |
| 382 | 43 local print = Io.print |
| 44 | |
| 45 print("Hello World") | |
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46 </pre> |
| 382 | 47 |
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48 <p>In Luan, a function call with one string argument doesn't require parenthesis, so <b>print("Hello World")</b> is the same as <b>print "Hello World"</b> and <b>require "luan:Io.luan"</b> is the same as <b>require("luan:Io.luan")</b>. Both <b>require</b> and <b>print</b> are functions.</p> |
| 382 | 49 |
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50 <p>The <b>require</b> function takes a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_resource_identifier">URI</a> as an argument. Examples of URIs are "<b>luan:Io.luan</b>" and "<b>file:hello.luan</b>". <b>require</b> is used to import a module, which is returned from the <b>require</b> function call. In the case above, we assign the module to the local variable <b>Io</b>. The function <b>print</b> is a member of this module. We could have done <b>Io.print("Hello World")</b> but instead we chose to assign <b>print</b> to a local variable and use that to call the function.</p> |
| 382 | 51 |
| 52 <p>Luan starts with only two defined functions: <b>require</b> and <b>java</b>. You will use <b>require</b> to import whatever you need. This is a little more work, but makes it clear in each file where each function comes from.</p> | |
| 53 | |
| 54 <p>Let's a make fancier version:</p> | |
| 55 | |
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56 <pre> |
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57 local Io = require "luan:Io.luan" |
| 382 | 58 local print = Io.print |
| 59 | |
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60 local function hello(name) |
| 382 | 61 print("Hello "..name) |
| 62 end | |
| 63 | |
| 64 hello("Bob") | |
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65 </pre> |
| 382 | 66 |
| 67 <p>The <b>..</b> operator does concatenation. This will print <b>Hello Bob</b>.</p> | |
| 68 | |
| 1217 | 69 <p>Now let's make a web page. First we need a directory for our website. So create a directory <b>site</b>. In this directory, create a file <b>hi.html.luan</b> containing: |
| 382 | 70 |
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71 <pre> |
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72 local Io = require "luan:Io.luan" |
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73 local Http = require "luan:http/Http.luan" |
| 382 | 74 |
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75 return function() |
| 382 | 76 Io.stdout = Http.response.text_writer() |
| 736 | 77 %> |
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78 <!doctype html> |
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79 <html> |
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80 <body> |
| 736 | 81 Hello World |
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82 </body> |
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83 </html> |
| 736 | 84 <% |
| 382 | 85 end |
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86 </pre> |
| 382 | 87 |
| 1217 | 88 <p>Now go back to the parent directory and do <b>luan luan:http/serve.luan file:site</b>. This will run the Luan web server on port 8080. Try going to <a href="http://localhost:8080/">http://localhost:8080/</a>. You should see the directory. If you click on <b>hi.html.luan</b> you will see the source. But if you remove the <b>.luan</b> and just go to <a href="http://localhost:8080/hi.html">http://localhost:8080/hi.html</a> then you will run the program which will generate the web page.</p> |
| 382 | 89 |
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90 <p>The Luan webserver expects the file to return a function and calls it to generate the page. Code of the form <b>%>...<%</b> writes its output to <b>Io.stdout</b> which by default is the standard output of the command line. So in the returned function one usually starts by setting <b>Io.stdout</b> to a <code>text_writer</code> which writes its output to the HTTP response (to the web browser).</p> |
| 382 | 91 |
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92 <p>You can find this example and others in the <a href="examples/">examples directory</a>. Take a look at <a href="examples/hi2.luan">hi2.luan</a> next. Remember to remove the <b>.luan</b> from the URL to run the code.</p> |
| 382 | 93 |
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94 <p>So now you have built your website and you want to publish it to the web. If you have your own domain, create a CNAME record for it pointing to <b>s1.luan.ws</b>. If you don't have a domain, just use a domain like <b>bob.s1.luan.ws</b> (anything of the form <b>*.s1.luan.ws</b>). Assuming your directory is <b>site</b> and you will use the password <b>secret</b>, do the following from the command line: |
| 382 | 95 |
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96 <pre> |
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97 luan luan:host/push.luan bob.s1.luan.ws secret site |
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98 </pre> |
| 382 | 99 |
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100 <p>The form is <b>luan luan:host/push.luan domain password directory</b>. If you change your site, just run this again and your site will be updated. To delete your site, do <b>luan luan:host/delete.luan domain password</b>.</p> |
| 382 | 101 |
| 102 <p>Hopefully this short tutorial gave you an idea of how to use Luan to make a website.</p> | |
| 103 | |
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104 </body> |
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105 </html> |