Mercurial Hosting > luan
annotate website/src/manual.html.luan @ 1165:668f29bc52ea
clean up content-type
author | Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com> |
---|---|
date | Wed, 07 Feb 2018 23:16:12 -0700 |
parents | 1f9d34a6f308 |
children | 73d754b1889f |
rev | line source |
---|---|
693
ca169567ce07
module URIs must now include ".luan"
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
685
diff
changeset
|
1 local Luan = require "luan:Luan.luan" |
ca169567ce07
module URIs must now include ".luan"
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
685
diff
changeset
|
2 local Io = require "luan:Io.luan" |
ca169567ce07
module URIs must now include ".luan"
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
685
diff
changeset
|
3 local Html = require "luan:Html.luan" |
ca169567ce07
module URIs must now include ".luan"
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
685
diff
changeset
|
4 local Http = require "luan:http/Http.luan" |
ca169567ce07
module URIs must now include ".luan"
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
685
diff
changeset
|
5 local Shared = require "site:/Shared.luan" |
505
7bc63886d4f2
web page modules now return a function
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
503
diff
changeset
|
6 |
7bc63886d4f2
web page modules now return a function
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
503
diff
changeset
|
7 |
7bc63886d4f2
web page modules now return a function
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
503
diff
changeset
|
8 return function() |
386
db23f654f87d
make all of website use luan
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
382
diff
changeset
|
9 Io.stdout = Http.response.text_writer() |
391
2f5cc9c2cbf0
replace Html.simply_html_page with simply_html_head and simply_html_body_bottom
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
389
diff
changeset
|
10 %> |
2f5cc9c2cbf0
replace Html.simply_html_page with simply_html_head and simply_html_body_bottom
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
389
diff
changeset
|
11 <html> |
2f5cc9c2cbf0
replace Html.simply_html_page with simply_html_head and simply_html_body_bottom
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
389
diff
changeset
|
12 <head> |
2f5cc9c2cbf0
replace Html.simply_html_page with simply_html_head and simply_html_body_bottom
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
389
diff
changeset
|
13 <title>Luan Reference Manual</title> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
14 <style> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
15 @import "/site.css"; |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
16 </style> |
391
2f5cc9c2cbf0
replace Html.simply_html_page with simply_html_head and simply_html_body_bottom
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
389
diff
changeset
|
17 </head> |
2f5cc9c2cbf0
replace Html.simply_html_page with simply_html_head and simply_html_body_bottom
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
389
diff
changeset
|
18 <body> |
386
db23f654f87d
make all of website use luan
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
382
diff
changeset
|
19 |
372 | 20 <div container> |
387
23d075ce1e48
add website/src/Shared.luan
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
386
diff
changeset
|
21 <% Shared.header() %> |
372 | 22 |
23 <h1>Luan Reference Manual</h1> | |
24 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
25 <p small> |
372 | 26 Original copyright © 2015 Lua.org, PUC-Rio. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
27 Freely available under the terms of the |
372 | 28 <a href="http://www.lua.org/license.html">Lua license</a>. |
29 Modified for Luan. | |
30 </p> | |
31 | |
32 <hr/> | |
33 | |
34 <h2>Contents</h2> | |
35 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
36 <div contents><a href="#intro">Introduction</a></div> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
37 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
38 <div contents> |
373 | 39 <a href="#basic">Basic Concepts</a> |
40 <ul> | |
41 <li><a href="#types">Values and Types</a></li> | |
42 <li><a href="#env">Environments</a></li> | |
43 <li><a href="#error">Error Handling</a></li> | |
44 <li><a href="#meta">Metatables and Metamethods</a></li> | |
380 | 45 <li><a href="#gc">Garbage Collection</a></li> |
46 </ul> | |
47 </div> | |
48 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
49 <div contents> |
380 | 50 <a href="#lang">The Language</a> |
51 <ul> | |
52 <li><a href="#lex">Lexical Conventions</a></li> | |
53 <li><a href="#vars">Variables</a></li> | |
389 | 54 <li> |
55 <a href="#stmts">Statements</a> | |
56 <ul> | |
57 <li><a href="#blocks">Blocks</a></li> | |
395 | 58 <li><a href="#chunks">Chunks</a></li> |
59 <li><a href="#assignment">Assignment</a></li> | |
60 <li><a href="#control">Control Structures</a></li> | |
61 <li><a href="#for">For Statement</a></li> | |
62 <li><a href="#fn_stmt">Function Calls as Statements</a></li> | |
63 <li><a href="#local_stmt">Local Declarations</a></li> | |
465 | 64 <li><a href="#template_stmt">Template Statements</a></li> |
395 | 65 </ul> |
66 </li> | |
67 <li> | |
68 <a href="#expressions">Expressions</a> | |
69 <ul> | |
70 <li><a href="#arithmetic">Arithmetic Operators</a></li> | |
396 | 71 <li><a href="#conversions">Coercions and Conversions</a></li> |
72 <li><a href="#relational">Relational Operators</a></li> | |
73 <li><a href="#logical_ops">Logical Operators</a></li> | |
74 <li><a href="#concatenation">Concatenation</a></li> | |
75 <li><a href="#length">The Length Operator</a></li> | |
76 <li><a href="#precedence">Precedence</a></li> | |
77 <li><a href="#constructors">Table Constructors</a></li> | |
417 | 78 <li><a href="#fn_calls">Function Calls</a></li> |
79 <li><a href="#fn_def">Function Definitions</a></li> | |
465 | 80 <li><a href="#template_expr">Template Expressions</a></li> |
389 | 81 </ul> |
82 </li> | |
464
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
83 <li><a href="#visibility">Visibility Rules</a></li> |
373 | 84 </ul> |
85 </div> | |
86 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
87 <div contents> |
468 | 88 <a href="#libs">Standard Libraries</a> |
89 <ul> | |
90 <li><a href="#default_lib">Default Environment</a></li> | |
470 | 91 <li><a href="#luan_lib">Basic Functions</a></li> |
476 | 92 <li><a href="#package_lib">Modules</a></li> |
555
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
93 <li><a href="#string_lib">String Manipulation</a></li> |
567 | 94 <li><a href="#binary_lib">Binary Manipulation</a></li> |
565
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
95 <li><a href="#table_lib">Table Manipulation</a></li> |
566
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
96 <li><a href="#number_lib">Number Manipulation</a></li> |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
97 <li><a href="#math_lib">Mathematical Functions</a></li> |
468 | 98 </ul> |
99 </div> | |
100 | |
372 | 101 <hr/> |
102 | |
373 | 103 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
104 <h2 heading><a name="intro">Introduction</a></h2> |
372 | 105 |
106 <p>Luan is a high level programming language based on <a href="http://www.lua.org">Lua</a>. A great strength of Lua is its simplicity and Luan takes this even further, being even simpler than Lua. The goal is to provide a simple programming language for the casual programmer with as few concepts as possible so that one can quickly learn the language and then easily understand any code written in Luan.</p> | |
107 | |
108 <p>Luan is implemented in Java and is tightly coupled with Java. So it makes a great scripting language for Java programmers.</p> | |
109 | |
110 <p>Unlike Lua which is meant to be embedded, Luan is meant to be a full scripting language. This done not by adding feature to Luan, but rather by providing a complete set of libraries.</p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
111 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
112 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
113 <h2 heading><a name="basic">Basic Concepts</a></h2> |
373 | 114 |
115 <p>This section describes the basic concepts of the language.</p> | |
116 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
117 <h3 heading><a name="types">Values and Types</a></h3> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
118 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
119 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
120 Luan is a <em>dynamically typed language</em>. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
121 This means that |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
122 variables do not have types; only values do. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
123 There are no type definitions in the language. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
124 All values carry their own type. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
125 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
126 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
127 <p> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
128 All values in Luan are <em>first-class values</em>. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
129 This means that all values can be stored in variables, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
130 passed as arguments to other functions, and returned as results. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
131 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
132 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
133 <p> |
373 | 134 There are eight basic types in Luan: |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
135 <em>nil</em>, <em>boolean</em>, <em>number</em>, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
136 <em>string</em>, <em>binary</em>, <em>function</em>, <em>java</em>, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
137 and <em>table</em>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
138 <em>Nil</em> is the type of the value <b>nil</b>, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
139 whose main property is to be different from any other value; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
140 it usually represents the absence of a useful value. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
141 <em>Nil</em> is implemented as the Java value <em>null</em>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
142 <em>Boolean</em> is the type of the values <b>false</b> and <b>true</b>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
143 <em>Boolean</em> is implemented as the Java class <em>Boolean</em>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
144 <em>Number</em> represents both |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
145 integer numbers and real (floating-point) numbers. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
146 <em>Number</em> is implemented as the Java class <em>Number</em>. Any Java subclass of <em>Number</em> is allowed and this is invisible to the Luan user. Operations on numbers follow the same rules of |
373 | 147 the underlying Java implementation. |
148 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
149 <em>String</em> is implemented as the Java class <em>String</em>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
150 <em>Binary</em> is implemented as the Java type <em>byte[]</em>. |
373 | 151 |
152 | |
153 <p> | |
154 Luan can call (and manipulate) functions written in Luan and | |
464
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
155 functions written in Java (see <a href="#fn_calls">Function Calls</a>). |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
156 Both are represented by the type <em>function</em>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
157 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
158 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
159 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
160 The type <em>java</em> is provided to allow arbitrary Java objects to |
373 | 161 be stored in Luan variables. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
162 A <em>java</em> value is a Java object that isn't one of the standard Luan types. |
513
0dfc01d8d42d
rename type "userdata" to "java"
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
512
diff
changeset
|
163 Java values have no predefined operations in Luan, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
164 except assignment and identity test. |
513
0dfc01d8d42d
rename type "userdata" to "java"
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
512
diff
changeset
|
165 Java values are useful when Java access is enabled in Luan |
373 | 166 |
167 | |
168 | |
169 <p> | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
170 The type <em>table</em> implements associative arrays, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
171 that is, arrays that can be indexed not only with numbers, |
373 | 172 but with any Luan value except <b>nil</b>. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
173 Tables can be <em>heterogeneous</em>; |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
174 that is, they can contain values of all types (except <b>nil</b>). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
175 Any key with value <b>nil</b> is not considered part of the table. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
176 Conversely, any key that is not part of a table has |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
177 an associated value <b>nil</b>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
178 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
179 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
180 <p> |
373 | 181 Tables are the sole data-structuring mechanism in Luan; |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
182 they can be used to represent ordinary arrays, sequences, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
183 symbol tables, sets, records, graphs, trees, etc. |
373 | 184 To represent records, Luan uses the field name as an index. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
185 The language supports this representation by |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
186 providing <code>a.name</code> as syntactic sugar for <code>a["name"]</code>. |
373 | 187 There are several convenient ways to create tables in Luan |
464
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
188 (see <a href="#constructors">Table Constructors</a>). |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
189 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
190 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
191 <p> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
192 We use the term <em>sequence</em> to denote a table where |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
193 the set of all positive numeric keys is equal to {1..<em>n</em>} |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
194 for some non-negative integer <em>n</em>, |
464
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
195 which is called the length of the sequence (see <a href="#length">The Length Operator</a>). |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
196 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
197 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
198 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
199 Like indices, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
200 the values of table fields can be of any type. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
201 In particular, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
202 because functions are first-class values, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
203 table fields can contain functions. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
204 Thus tables can also carry <em>methods</em> (see <a href="#fn_def">Function Definitions</a>). |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
205 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
206 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
207 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
208 The indexing of tables follows |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
209 the definition of raw equality in the language. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
210 The expressions <code>a[i]</code> and <code>a[j]</code> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
211 denote the same table element |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
212 if and only if <code>i</code> and <code>j</code> are raw equal |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
213 (that is, equal without metamethods). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
214 In particular, floats with integral values |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
215 are equal to their respective integers |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
216 (e.g., <code>1.0 == 1</code>). |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
217 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
218 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
219 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
220 Luan values are <em>objects</em>: |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
221 variables do not actually <em>contain</em> values, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
222 only <em>references</em> to them. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
223 Assignment, parameter passing, and function returns |
373 | 224 always manipulate references to values; |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
225 these operations do not imply any kind of copy. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
226 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
227 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
228 <p> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
229 The library function <a href="#Luan.type"><code>Luan.type</code></a> returns a string describing the type |
478 | 230 of a given value. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
231 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
232 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
233 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
234 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
235 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
236 <h3 heading><a name="env">Environments</a></h3> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
237 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
238 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
239 The environment of a chunk starts with only two local variables: <code><a href="#require">require</a></code> and <code><a href="#java">java</a></code>. These are functions are used to load and access libraries and other modules. All other variables must be added to the environment using <a href="http://localhost:8080/manual.html#local_stmt">local declarations</a>. |
512
d96944467ffc
update documentation for luan changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
505
diff
changeset
|
240 |
d96944467ffc
update documentation for luan changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
505
diff
changeset
|
241 <p> |
464
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
242 As will be discussed in <a href="#vars">Variables</a> and <a href=#assignment">Assignment</a>, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
243 any reference to a free name |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
244 (that is, a name not bound to any declaration) <code>var</code> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
245 can be syntactically translated to <code>_ENV.var</code> if <code>_ENV</code> is defined. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
246 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
247 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
248 <h3 heading><a name="error">Error Handling</a></h3> |
373 | 249 |
250 <p> | |
251 Luan code can explicitly generate an error by calling the | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
252 <a href="#Luan.error"><code>error</code></a> function. |
373 | 253 If you need to catch errors in Luan, |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
254 you can use <a href="#Luan.pcall"><code>pcall</code></a> or <a href="#Luan.try"><code>try</code></a> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
255 to call a given function in <em>protected mode</em>. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
256 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
257 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
258 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
259 Whenever there is an error, |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
260 an <em>error table</em> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
261 is propagated with information about the error. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
262 See <a href="#Luan.new_error"><code>Luan.new_error</code></a>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
263 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
264 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
265 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
266 <h3 heading><a name="meta">Metatables and Metamethods</a></h3> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
267 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
268 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
269 Every table in Luan can have a <em>metatable</em>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
270 This <em>metatable</em> is an ordinary Luan table |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
271 that defines the behavior of the original value |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
272 under certain special operations. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
273 You can change several aspects of the behavior |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
274 of operations over a value by setting specific fields in its metatable. |
373 | 275 For instance, when a table is the operand of an addition, |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
276 Luan checks for a function in the field "<code>__add</code>" of the table's metatable. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
277 If it finds one, |
373 | 278 Luan calls this function to perform the addition. |
279 | |
280 | |
281 <p> | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
282 The keys in a metatable are derived from the <em>event</em> names; |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
283 the corresponding values are called <ii>metamethods</em>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
284 In the previous example, the event is <code>"add"</code> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
285 and the metamethod is the function that performs the addition. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
286 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
287 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
288 <p> |
373 | 289 You can query the metatable of any table |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
290 using the <a href="#Luan.get_metatable"><code>get_metatable</code></a> function. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
291 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
292 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
293 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
294 You can replace the metatable of tables |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
295 using the <a href="#Luan.set_metatable"><code>set_metatable</code></a> function. |
373 | 296 |
297 | |
298 <p> | |
299 A metatable controls how a table behaves in | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
300 arithmetic operations, bitwise operations, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
301 order comparisons, concatenation, length operation, calls, and indexing. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
302 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
303 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
304 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
305 A detailed list of events controlled by metatables is given next. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
306 Each operation is identified by its corresponding event name. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
307 The key for each event is a string with its name prefixed by |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
308 two underscores, '<code>__</code>'; |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
309 for instance, the key for operation "add" is the |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
310 string "<code>__add</code>". |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
311 Note that queries for metamethods are always raw; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
312 the access to a metamethod does not invoke other metamethods. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
313 You can emulate how Luan queries a metamethod for an object <code>obj</code> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
314 with the following code: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
315 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
316 <pre> |
373 | 317 raw_get(get_metatable(obj) or {}, "__" .. event_name) |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
318 </pre> |
373 | 319 |
320 <p> | |
321 Here are the events: | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
322 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
323 <ul> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
324 |
502
d3183a330ff5
improve the __index metamethod to work with any type;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
495
diff
changeset
|
325 <li><p><b>"add": </b> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
326 the <code>+</code> operation. |
373 | 327 |
328 If any operand for an addition is a table, | |
329 Luan will try to call a metamethod. | |
330 First, Luan will check the first operand (even if it is valid). | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
331 If that operand does not define a metamethod for the "<code>__add</code>" event, |
373 | 332 then Luan will check the second operand. |
333 If Luan can find a metamethod, | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
334 it calls the metamethod with the two operands as arguments, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
335 and the result of the call |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
336 (adjusted to one value) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
337 is the result of the operation. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
338 Otherwise, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
339 it raises an error. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
340 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
341 |
502
d3183a330ff5
improve the __index metamethod to work with any type;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
495
diff
changeset
|
342 <li><p><b>"sub": </b> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
343 the <code>-</code> operation. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
344 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
345 Behavior similar to the "add" operation. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
346 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
347 |
502
d3183a330ff5
improve the __index metamethod to work with any type;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
495
diff
changeset
|
348 <li><p><b>"mul": </b> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
349 the <code>*</code> operation. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
350 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
351 Behavior similar to the "add" operation. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
352 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
353 |
502
d3183a330ff5
improve the __index metamethod to work with any type;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
495
diff
changeset
|
354 <li><p><b>"div": </b> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
355 the <code>/</code> operation. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
356 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
357 Behavior similar to the "add" operation. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
358 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
359 |
502
d3183a330ff5
improve the __index metamethod to work with any type;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
495
diff
changeset
|
360 <li><p><b>"mod": </b> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
361 the <code>%</code> operation. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
362 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
363 Behavior similar to the "add" operation. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
364 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
365 |
502
d3183a330ff5
improve the __index metamethod to work with any type;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
495
diff
changeset
|
366 <li><p><b>"pow": </b> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
367 the <code>^</code> (exponentiation) operation. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
368 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
369 Behavior similar to the "add" operation. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
370 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
371 |
502
d3183a330ff5
improve the __index metamethod to work with any type;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
495
diff
changeset
|
372 <li><p><b>"unm": </b> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
373 the <code>-</code> (unary minus) operation. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
374 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
375 Behavior similar to the "add" operation. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
376 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
377 |
502
d3183a330ff5
improve the __index metamethod to work with any type;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
495
diff
changeset
|
378 <li><p><b>"concat": </b> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
379 the <code>..</code> (concatenation) operation. |
373 | 380 |
381 Behavior similar to the "add" operation. | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
382 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
383 |
502
d3183a330ff5
improve the __index metamethod to work with any type;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
495
diff
changeset
|
384 <li><p><b>"len": </b> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
385 the <code>#</code> (length) operation. |
373 | 386 |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
387 If there is a metamethod, |
373 | 388 Luan calls it with the object as argument, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
389 and the result of the call |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
390 (always adjusted to one value) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
391 is the result of the operation. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
392 If there is no metamethod but the object is a table, |
464
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
393 then Luan uses the table length operation (see <a href="#length">The Length Operator</a>). |
373 | 394 Otherwise, Luan raises an error. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
395 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
396 |
502
d3183a330ff5
improve the __index metamethod to work with any type;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
495
diff
changeset
|
397 <li><p><b>"eq": </b> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
398 the <code>==</code> (equal) operation. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
399 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
400 Behavior similar to the "add" operation, |
373 | 401 except that Luan will try a metamethod only when the values |
402 being compared are both tables | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
403 and they are not primitively equal. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
404 The result of the call is always converted to a boolean. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
405 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
406 |
502
d3183a330ff5
improve the __index metamethod to work with any type;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
495
diff
changeset
|
407 <li><p><b>"lt": </b> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
408 the <code><</code> (less than) operation. |
373 | 409 |
410 Behavior similar to the "add" operation. | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
411 The result of the call is always converted to a boolean. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
412 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
413 |
502
d3183a330ff5
improve the __index metamethod to work with any type;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
495
diff
changeset
|
414 <li><p><b>"le": </b> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
415 the <code><=</code> (less equal) operation. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
416 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
417 Unlike other operations, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
418 The less-equal operation can use two different events. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
419 First, Luan looks for the "<code>__le</code>" metamethod in both operands, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
420 like in the "lt" operation. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
421 If it cannot find such a metamethod, |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
422 then it will try the "<code>__lt</code>" event, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
423 assuming that <code>a <= b</code> is equivalent to <code>not (b < a)</code>. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
424 As with the other comparison operators, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
425 the result is always a boolean. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
426 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
427 |
502
d3183a330ff5
improve the __index metamethod to work with any type;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
495
diff
changeset
|
428 <li><p><b>"index": </b> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
429 The indexing access <code>table[key]</code>. |
373 | 430 |
431 This event happens | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
432 when <code>key</code> is not present in <code>table</code>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
433 The metamethod is looked up in <code>table</code>. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
434 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
435 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
436 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
437 Despite the name, |
502
d3183a330ff5
improve the __index metamethod to work with any type;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
495
diff
changeset
|
438 the metamethod for this event can be any type. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
439 If it is a function, |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
440 it is called with <code>table</code> and <code>key</code> as arguments. |
502
d3183a330ff5
improve the __index metamethod to work with any type;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
495
diff
changeset
|
441 Otherwise |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
442 the final result is the result of indexing this metamethod object with <code>key</code>. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
443 (This indexing is regular, not raw, |
502
d3183a330ff5
improve the __index metamethod to work with any type;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
495
diff
changeset
|
444 and therefore can trigger another metamethod if the metamethod object is a table.) |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
445 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
446 |
502
d3183a330ff5
improve the __index metamethod to work with any type;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
495
diff
changeset
|
447 <li><p><b>"new_index": </b> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
448 The indexing assignment <code>table[key] = value</code>. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
449 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
450 Like the index event, |
373 | 451 this event happens when |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
452 when <code>key</code> is not present in <code>table</code>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
453 The metamethod is looked up in <code>table</code>. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
454 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
455 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
456 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
457 Like with indexing, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
458 the metamethod for this event can be either a function or a table. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
459 If it is a function, |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
460 it is called with <code>table</code>, <code>key</code>, and <code>value</code> as arguments. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
461 If it is a table, |
373 | 462 Luan does an indexing assignment to this table with the same key and value. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
463 (This assignment is regular, not raw, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
464 and therefore can trigger another metamethod.) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
465 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
466 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
467 <p> |
428
df95199ca4c0
rename __newindex to __new_index
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
418
diff
changeset
|
468 Whenever there is a "new_index" metamethod, |
373 | 469 Luan does not perform the primitive assignment. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
470 (If necessary, |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
471 the metamethod itself can call <a href="#Luan.raw_set"><code>raw_set</code></a> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
472 to do the assignment.) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
473 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
474 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
475 </ul> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
476 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
477 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
478 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
479 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
480 <h3 heading><a name="gc">Garbage Collection</a></h3> |
380 | 481 |
482 <p> | |
483 Luan uses Java's garbage collection. | |
484 | |
485 | |
486 | |
487 | |
488 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
489 <h2 heading><a name="lang">The Language</a></h2> |
380 | 490 |
491 <p> | |
492 This section describes the lexis, the syntax, and the semantics of Luan. | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
493 In other words, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
494 this section describes |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
495 which tokens are valid, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
496 how they can be combined, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
497 and what their combinations mean. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
498 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
499 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
500 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
501 Language constructs will be explained using the usual extended BNF notation, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
502 in which |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
503 {<em>a</em>} means 0 or more <em>a</em>'s, and |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
504 [<em>a</em>] means an optional <em>a</em>. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
505 Non-terminals are shown like non-terminal, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
506 keywords are shown like <b>kword</b>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
507 and other terminal symbols are shown like ‘<b>=</b>’. |
380 | 508 The complete syntax of Luan can be found in <a href="#9">§9</a> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
509 at the end of this manual. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
510 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
511 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
512 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
513 <h3 heading><a name="lex">Lexical Conventions</a></h3> |
380 | 514 |
515 <p> | |
516 Luan ignores spaces and comments | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
517 between lexical elements (tokens), |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
518 except as delimiters between names and keywords. |
685 | 519 Luan considers the end of a line to be the end of a statement. This catches errors and encourages readability. If you want to continue a statement on another line, you can use a backslash followed by a newline which will be treated as white space. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
520 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
521 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
522 <em>Names</em> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
523 (also called <em>identifiers</em>) |
380 | 524 in Luan can be any string of letters, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
525 digits, and underscores, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
526 not beginning with a digit. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
527 Identifiers are used to name variables, table fields, and labels. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
528 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
529 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
530 <p> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
531 The following <em>keywords</em> are reserved |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
532 and cannot be used as names: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
533 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
534 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
535 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
536 and break do else elseif end |
1092 | 537 end_do end_for end_function end_if end_while |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
538 false for function goto if in |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
539 local nil not or repeat return |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
540 then true until while |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
541 </pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
542 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
543 <p> |
380 | 544 Luan is a case-sensitive language: |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
545 <code>and</code> is a reserved word, but <code>And</code> and <code>AND</code> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
546 are two different, valid names. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
547 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
548 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
549 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
550 The following strings denote other tokens: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
551 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
552 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
553 + - * / % ^ # |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
554 & ~ | << >> // |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
555 == ~= <= >= < > = |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
556 ( ) { } [ ] :: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
557 ; : , . .. ... |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
558 </pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
559 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
560 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
561 <em>Literal strings</em> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
562 can be delimited by matching single or double quotes, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
563 and can contain the following C-like escape sequences: |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
564 '<code>\a</code>' (bell), |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
565 '<code>\b</code>' (backspace), |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
566 '<code>\f</code>' (form feed), |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
567 '<code>\n</code>' (newline), |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
568 '<code>\r</code>' (carriage return), |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
569 '<code>\t</code>' (horizontal tab), |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
570 '<code>\v</code>' (vertical tab), |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
571 '<code>\\</code>' (backslash), |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
572 '<code>\"</code>' (quotation mark [double quote]), |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
573 and '<code>\'</code>' (apostrophe [single quote]). |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
574 A backslash followed by a real newline |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
575 results in a newline in the string. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
576 The escape sequence '<code>\z</code>' skips the following span |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
577 of white-space characters, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
578 including line breaks; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
579 it is particularly useful to break and indent a long literal string |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
580 into multiple lines without adding the newlines and spaces |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
581 into the string contents. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
582 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
583 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
584 <p> |
380 | 585 Luan can specify any character in a literal string by its numerical value. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
586 This can be done |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
587 with the escape sequence <code>\x<em>XX</em></code>, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
588 where <em>XX</em> is a sequence of exactly two hexadecimal digits, |
793 | 589 or with the escape sequence <code>\u<em>XXXX</em></code>, |
590 where <em>XXXX</em> is a sequence of exactly four hexadecimal digits, | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
591 or with the escape sequence <code>\<em>ddd</em></code>, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
592 where <em>ddd</em> is a sequence of up to three decimal digits. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
593 (Note that if a decimal escape sequence is to be followed by a digit, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
594 it must be expressed using exactly three digits.) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
595 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
596 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
597 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
598 Literal strings can also be defined using a long format |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
599 enclosed by <em>long brackets</em>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
600 We define an <em>opening long bracket of level <em>n</em></em> as an opening |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
601 square bracket followed by <em>n</em> equal signs followed by another |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
602 opening square bracket. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
603 So, an opening long bracket of level 0 is written as <code>[[</code>, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
604 an opening long bracket of level 1 is written as <code>[=[</code>, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
605 and so on. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
606 A <em>closing long bracket</em> is defined similarly; |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
607 for instance, |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
608 a closing long bracket of level 4 is written as <code>]====]</code>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
609 A <em>long literal</em> starts with an opening long bracket of any level and |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
610 ends at the first closing long bracket of the same level. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
611 It can contain any text except a closing bracket of the same level. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
612 Literals in this bracketed form can run for several lines, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
613 do not interpret any escape sequences, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
614 and ignore long brackets of any other level. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
615 Any kind of end-of-line sequence |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
616 (carriage return, newline, carriage return followed by newline, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
617 or newline followed by carriage return) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
618 is converted to a simple newline. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
619 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
620 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
621 <p> |
380 | 622 Any character in a literal string not |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
623 explicitly affected by the previous rules represents itself. |
380 | 624 However, Luan opens files for parsing in text mode, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
625 and the system file functions may have problems with |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
626 some control characters. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
627 So, it is safer to represent |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
628 non-text data as a quoted literal with |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
629 explicit escape sequences for non-text characters. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
630 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
631 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
632 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
633 For convenience, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
634 when the opening long bracket is immediately followed by a newline, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
635 the newline is not included in the string. |
380 | 636 As an example |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
637 the five literal strings below denote the same string: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
638 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
639 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
640 a = 'alo\n123"' |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
641 a = "alo\n123\"" |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
642 a = '\97lo\10\04923"' |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
643 a = [[alo |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
644 123"]] |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
645 a = [==[ |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
646 alo |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
647 123"]==] |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
648 </pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
649 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
650 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
651 A <em>numerical constant</em> (or <em>numeral</em>) |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
652 can be written with an optional fractional part |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
653 and an optional decimal exponent, |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
654 marked by a letter '<code>e</code>' or '<code>E</code>'. |
380 | 655 Luan also accepts hexadecimal constants, |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
656 which start with <code>0x</code> or <code>0X</code>. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
657 Hexadecimal constants also accept an optional fractional part |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
658 plus an optional binary exponent, |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
659 marked by a letter '<code>p</code>' or '<code>P</code>'. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
660 A numeric constant with a fractional dot or an exponent |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
661 denotes a float; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
662 otherwise it denotes an integer. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
663 Examples of valid integer constants are |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
664 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
665 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
666 3 345 0xff 0xBEBADA |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
667 </pre> |
382 | 668 |
669 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
670 Examples of valid float constants are |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
671 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
672 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
673 3.0 3.1416 314.16e-2 0.31416E1 34e1 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
674 0x0.1E 0xA23p-4 0X1.921FB54442D18P+1 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
675 </pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
676 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
677 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
678 A <em>comment</em> starts with a double hyphen (<code>--</code>) |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
679 anywhere outside a string. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
680 If the text immediately after <code>--</code> is not an opening long bracket, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
681 the comment is a <em>short comment</em>, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
682 which runs until the end of the line. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
683 Otherwise, it is a <em>long comment</em>, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
684 which runs until the corresponding closing long bracket. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
685 Long comments are frequently used to disable code temporarily. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
686 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
687 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
688 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
689 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
690 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
691 <h3 heading><a name="vars">Variables</a></h3> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
692 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
693 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
694 Variables are places that store values. |
380 | 695 There are three kinds of variables in Luan: |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
696 global variables, local variables, and table fields. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
697 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
698 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
699 A single name can denote a global variable or a local variable |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
700 (or a function's formal parameter, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
701 which is a particular kind of local variable): |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
702 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
703 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
704 var ::= Name |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
705 </pre> |
382 | 706 |
707 <p> | |
464
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
708 Name denotes identifiers, as defined in <a href="#lex">Lexical Conventions</a>. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
709 |
512
d96944467ffc
update documentation for luan changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
505
diff
changeset
|
710 <p> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
711 Local variables are <em>lexically scoped</em>: |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
712 local variables can be freely accessed by functions |
464
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
713 defined inside their scope (see <a href="#visibility">Visibility Rules</a>). |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
714 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
715 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
716 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
717 Before the first assignment to a variable, its value is <b>nil</b>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
718 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
719 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
720 Square brackets are used to index a table: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
721 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
722 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
723 var ::= prefixexp ‘<b>[</b>’ exp ‘<b>]</b>’ |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
724 </pre> |
382 | 725 |
726 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
727 The meaning of accesses to table fields can be changed via metatables. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
728 An access to an indexed variable <code>t[i]</code> is equivalent to |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
729 a call <code>gettable_event(t,i)</code>. |
464
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
730 (See <a href="#meta">Metatables and Metamethods</a> for a complete description of the |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
731 <code>gettable_event</code> function. |
380 | 732 This function is not defined or callable in Luan. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
733 We use it here only for explanatory purposes.) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
734 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
735 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
736 <p> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
737 The syntax <code>var.Name</code> is just syntactic sugar for |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
738 <code>var["Name"]</code>: |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
739 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
740 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
741 var ::= prefixexp ‘<b>.</b>’ Name |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
742 </pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
743 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
744 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
745 Global variables are not available by default. To enable global variable, you must define <code>_ENV</code> as a local variable whose value is a table. If <code>_ENV</code> is not defined, then an unrecognized variable name will produce a compile error. If <code>_ENV</code> is defined then an access to an unrecognized variable name will be consider a global variable. So then an acces to global variable <code>x</code> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
746 is equivalent to <code>_ENV.x</code>. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
747 Due to the way that chunks are compiled, |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
748 <code>_ENV</code> is never a global name (see <a href="#env">Environments</a>). |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
749 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
750 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
751 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
752 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
753 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
754 <h3 heading><a name="stmts">Statements</a></h3> |
389 | 755 |
756 <p> | |
757 Luan supports an almost conventional set of statements, | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
758 similar to those in Pascal or C. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
759 This set includes |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
760 assignments, control structures, function calls, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
761 and variable declarations. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
762 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
763 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
764 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
765 <h4 heading><a name="blocks">Blocks</a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
766 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
767 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
768 A block is a list of statements, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
769 which are executed sequentially: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
770 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
771 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
772 block ::= {stat} |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
773 </pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
774 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
775 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
776 Luan has <em>empty statements</em> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
777 that allow you to separate statements with semicolons, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
778 start a block with a semicolon |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
779 or write two semicolons in sequence: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
780 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
781 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
782 stat ::= ‘<b>;</b>’ |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
783 </pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
784 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
785 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
786 A block can be explicitly delimited to produce a single statement: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
787 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
788 <pre> |
1092 | 789 stat ::= <b>do</b> block end_do |
790 end_do ::= <b>end_do</b> | <b>end</b> | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
791 </pre> |
389 | 792 |
793 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
794 Explicit blocks are useful |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
795 to control the scope of variable declarations. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
796 Explicit blocks are also sometimes used to |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
797 add a <b>return</b> statement in the middle |
464
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
798 of another block (see <a href="#control">Control Structures</a>). |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
799 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
800 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
801 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
802 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
803 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
804 <h4 heading><a name="chunks">Chunks</a></h4> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
805 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
806 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
807 The unit of compilation of Luan is called a <em>chunk</em>. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
808 Syntactically, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
809 a chunk is simply a block: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
810 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
811 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
812 chunk ::= block |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
813 </pre> |
395 | 814 |
815 <p> | |
816 Luan handles a chunk as the body of an anonymous function | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
817 with a variable number of arguments |
464
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
818 (see <a href="#fn_def">Function Definitions</a>). |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
819 As such, chunks can define local variables, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
820 receive arguments, and return values. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
821 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
822 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
823 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
824 A chunk can be stored in a file or in a string inside the host program. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
825 To execute a chunk, |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
826 Luan first <em>loads</em> it, |
395 | 827 compiling the chunk's code, |
828 and then Luan executes the compiled code. | |
829 | |
830 | |
831 | |
832 | |
833 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
834 <h4 heading><a name="assignment">Assignment</a></h4> |
395 | 835 |
836 <p> | |
837 Luan allows multiple assignments. | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
838 Therefore, the syntax for assignment |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
839 defines a list of variables on the left side |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
840 and a list of expressions on the right side. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
841 The elements in both lists are separated by commas: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
842 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
843 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
844 stat ::= varlist ‘<b>=</b>’ explist |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
845 varlist ::= var {‘<b>,</b>’ var} |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
846 explist ::= exp {‘<b>,</b>’ exp} |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
847 </pre> |
395 | 848 |
849 <p> | |
464
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
850 Expressions are discussed in <a href="#expressions">Expressions</a>. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
851 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
852 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
853 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
854 Before the assignment, |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
855 the list of values is <em>adjusted</em> to the length of |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
856 the list of variables. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
857 If there are more values than needed, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
858 the excess values are thrown away. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
859 If there are fewer values than needed, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
860 the list is extended with as many <b>nil</b>'s as needed. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
861 If the list of expressions ends with a function call, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
862 then all values returned by that call enter the list of values, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
863 before the adjustment |
464
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
864 (except when the call is enclosed in parentheses; see <a href="#expressions">Expressions</a>). |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
865 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
866 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
867 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
868 The assignment statement first evaluates all its expressions |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
869 and only then the assignments are performed. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
870 Thus the code |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
871 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
872 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
873 i = 3 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
874 i, a[i] = i+1, 20 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
875 </pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
876 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
877 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
878 sets <code>a[3]</code> to 20, without affecting <code>a[4]</code> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
879 because the <code>i</code> in <code>a[i]</code> is evaluated (to 3) |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
880 before it is assigned 4. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
881 Similarly, the line |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
882 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
883 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
884 x, y = y, x |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
885 </pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
886 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
887 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
888 exchanges the values of <code>x</code> and <code>y</code>, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
889 and |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
890 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
891 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
892 x, y, z = y, z, x |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
893 </pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
894 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
895 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
896 cyclically permutes the values of <code>x</code>, <code>y</code>, and <code>z</code>. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
897 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
898 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
899 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
900 The meaning of assignments to global variables |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
901 and table fields can be changed via metatables. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
902 An assignment to an indexed variable <code>t[i] = val</code> is equivalent to |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
903 <code>settable_event(t,i,val)</code>. |
464
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
904 (See <a href="#meta">Metatables and Metamethods</a> for a complete description of the |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
905 <code>settable_event</code> function. |
395 | 906 This function is not defined or callable in Luan. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
907 We use it here only for explanatory purposes.) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
908 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
909 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
910 <p> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
911 An assignment to a global name <code>x = val</code> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
912 is equivalent to the assignment |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
913 <code>_ENV.x = val</code> (see <a href="#env">Environments</a>). |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
914 Global names are only available when <code>_ENV</code> is defined. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
915 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
916 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
917 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
918 <h4 heading><a name="control">Control Structures</a></h4> |
395 | 919 |
920 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
921 The control structures |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
922 <b>if</b>, <b>while</b>, and <b>repeat</b> have the usual meaning and |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
923 familiar syntax: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
924 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
925 <pre> |
1092 | 926 stat ::= <b>while</b> exp <b>do</b> block end_while |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
927 stat ::= <b>repeat</b> block <b>until</b> exp |
1092 | 928 stat ::= <b>if</b> exp <b>then</b> block {<b>elseif</b> exp <b>then</b> block} [<b>else</b> block] end_if |
929 end_while ::= <b>end_while</b> | <b>end</b> | |
930 end_if ::= <b>end_if</b> | <b>end</b> | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
931 </pre> |
395 | 932 |
933 <p> | |
464
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
934 Luan also has a <b>for</b> statement (see <a href="#for">For Statement</a>). |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
935 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
936 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
937 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
938 The condition expression of a |
395 | 939 control structure must be a boolean. |
940 Any other value type will produce an error. | |
941 This helps catch errors and makes code more readable. | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
942 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
943 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
944 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
945 In the <b>repeat</b>–<b>until</b> loop, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
946 the inner block does not end at the <b>until</b> keyword, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
947 but only after the condition. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
948 So, the condition can refer to local variables |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
949 declared inside the loop block. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
950 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
951 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
952 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
953 The <b>break</b> statement terminates the execution of a |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
954 <b>while</b>, <b>repeat</b>, or <b>for</b> loop, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
955 skipping to the next statement after the loop: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
956 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
957 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
958 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
959 stat ::= <b>break</b> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
960 </pre> |
395 | 961 |
962 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
963 A <b>break</b> ends the innermost enclosing loop. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
964 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
965 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
966 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
967 The <b>return</b> statement is used to return values |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
968 from a function or a chunk |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
969 (which is an anonymous function). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
970 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
971 Functions can return more than one value, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
972 so the syntax for the <b>return</b> statement is |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
973 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
974 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
975 stat ::= <b>return</b> [explist] [‘<b>;</b>’] |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
976 </pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
977 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
978 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
979 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
980 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
981 <h4 heading><a name="for">For Statement</a></h4> |
395 | 982 |
983 <p> | |
984 The <b>for</b> statement works over functions, | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
985 called <em>iterators</em>. |
395 | 986 On each iteration, the iterator function is called to produce a new value, |
987 stopping when this new value is <b>nil</b>. | |
988 The <b>for</b> loop has the following syntax: | |
989 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
990 <pre> |
1092 | 991 stat ::= <b>for</b> namelist <b>in</b> exp <b>do</b> block end_for |
395 | 992 namelist ::= Name {‘<b>,</b>’ Name} |
1092 | 993 end_for ::= <b>end_for</b> | <b>end</b> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
994 </pre> |
395 | 995 |
996 <p> | |
997 A <b>for</b> statement like | |
998 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
999 <pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1000 for <em>var_1</em>, ···, <em>var_n</em> in <em>exp</em> do <em>block</em> end |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1001 </pre> |
395 | 1002 |
1003 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1004 is equivalent to the code: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1005 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1006 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1007 do |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1008 local <em>f</em> = <em>exp</em> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1009 while true do |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1010 local <em>var_1</em>, ···, <em>var_n</em> = <em>f</em>() |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1011 if <em>var_1</em> == nil then break end |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1012 <em>block</em> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1013 end |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1014 end |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1015 </pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1016 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1017 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1018 Note the following: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1019 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1020 <ul> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1021 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1022 <li> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1023 <code><em>exp</em></code> is evaluated only once. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1024 Its result is an <em>iterator</em> function. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1025 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1026 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1027 <li> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1028 <code><em>f</em></code> is an invisible variable. |
395 | 1029 The name is here for explanatory purposes only. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1030 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1031 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1032 <li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1033 You can use <b>break</b> to exit a <b>for</b> loop. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1034 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1035 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1036 <li> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1037 The loop variables <code><em>var_i</em></code> are local to the loop; |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1038 you cannot use their values after the <b>for</b> ends. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1039 If you need these values, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1040 then assign them to other variables before breaking or exiting the loop. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1041 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1042 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1043 </ul> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1044 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1045 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1046 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1047 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1048 <h4 heading><a name="fn_stmt">Function Calls as Statements</a></h4> |
395 | 1049 |
1050 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1051 To allow possible side-effects, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1052 function calls can be executed as statements: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1053 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1054 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1055 stat ::= functioncall |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1056 </pre> |
395 | 1057 |
1058 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1059 In this case, all returned values are thrown away. |
464
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
1060 Function calls are explained in <a href="#fn_calls">Function Calls</a>. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1061 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1062 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1063 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1064 <h4 heading><a name="local_stmt">Local Declarations</a></h4> |
395 | 1065 |
1066 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1067 Local variables can be declared anywhere inside a block. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1068 The declaration can include an initial assignment: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1069 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1070 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1071 stat ::= <b>local</b> namelist [‘<b>=</b>’ explist] |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1072 </pre> |
395 | 1073 |
1074 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1075 If present, an initial assignment has the same semantics |
464
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
1076 of a multiple assignment (see <a href="#assignment">Assignment</a>). |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1077 Otherwise, all variables are initialized with <b>nil</b>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1078 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1079 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1080 <p> |
464
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
1081 A chunk is also a block (see <a href="#chunks">Chunks</a>), |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1082 and so local variables can be declared in a chunk outside any explicit block. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1083 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1084 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1085 <p> |
464
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
1086 The visibility rules for local variables are explained in <a href="#visibility">Visibility Rules</a>. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1087 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1088 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1089 <h4 heading><a name="template_stmt">Template Statements</a></h4> |
465 | 1090 |
1091 <p>Template statements are based on <a href="#template_expr">template exressions</a> and provide the full equivalent of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaServer_Pages">JSP</a> but in a general way. Template statements write the equivalent template exression to standard output. For example:</p> | |
1092 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1093 <pre><%=Html.encode[[ |
465 | 1094 local name = "Bob" |
1095 %> | |
469 | 1096 Hello <%= name %>! |
1097 Bye <%= name %>. | |
465 | 1098 <% |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1099 ]]%></pre> |
465 | 1100 |
1101 <p>is equivalent to the code:</p> | |
1102 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1103 <pre><%=Html.encode[[ |
465 | 1104 local name = "Bob" |
693
ca169567ce07
module URIs must now include ".luan"
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
685
diff
changeset
|
1105 require("luan:Io.luan").stdout.write( %> |
469 | 1106 Hello <%= name %>! |
1107 Bye <%= name %>. | |
465 | 1108 <% ) |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1109 ]]%></pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1110 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1111 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1112 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1113 <h3 heading><a name="expressions">Expressions</a></h3> |
395 | 1114 |
1115 <p> | |
1116 The basic expressions in Luan are the following: | |
1117 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1118 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1119 exp ::= prefixexp |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1120 exp ::= <b>nil</b> | <b>false</b> | <b>true</b> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1121 exp ::= Numeral |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1122 exp ::= LiteralString |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1123 exp ::= functiondef |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1124 exp ::= tableconstructor |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1125 exp ::= ‘<b>...</b>’ |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1126 exp ::= exp binop exp |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1127 exp ::= unop exp |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1128 prefixexp ::= var | functioncall | ‘<b>(</b>’ exp ‘<b>)</b>’ |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1129 </pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1130 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1131 <p> |
464
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
1132 Numerals and literal strings are explained in <a href="#lex">Lexical Conventions</a>; |
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
1133 variables are explained in <a href="#vars">Variables</a>; |
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
1134 function definitions are explained in <a href="#fn_def">Function Definitions</a>; |
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
1135 function calls are explained in <a href="#fn_calls">Function Calls</a>; |
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
1136 table constructors are explained in <a href="#constructors">Table Constructors</a>. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1137 Vararg expressions, |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1138 denoted by three dots ('<code>...</code>'), can only be used when |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1139 directly inside a vararg function; |
464
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
1140 they are explained in <a href="#fn_def">Function Definitions</a>. |
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
1141 |
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
1142 |
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
1143 <p> |
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
1144 Binary operators comprise arithmetic operators (see <a href="#arithmetic">Arithmetic Operators</a>), |
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
1145 relational operators (see <a href="#relational">Relational Operators</a>), logical operators (see <a href="#logical_ops">Logical Operators</a>), |
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
1146 and the concatenation operator (see <a href="#concatenation">Concatenation</a>). |
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
1147 Unary operators comprise the unary minus (see <a href="#arithmetic">Arithmetic Operators</a>), |
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
1148 the unary logical <b>not</b> (see <a href="#logical_ops">Logical Operators</a>), |
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
1149 and the unary <em>length operator</em> (see <a href="#length">The Length Operator</a>). |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1150 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1151 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1152 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1153 Both function calls and vararg expressions can result in multiple values. |
464
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
1154 If a function call is used as a statement (see <a href="#fn_stmt">Function Calls as Statements</a>), |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1155 then its return list is adjusted to zero elements, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1156 thus discarding all returned values. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1157 If an expression is used as the last (or the only) element |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1158 of a list of expressions, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1159 then no adjustment is made |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1160 (unless the expression is enclosed in parentheses). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1161 In all other contexts, |
395 | 1162 Luan adjusts the result list to one element, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1163 either discarding all values except the first one |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1164 or adding a single <b>nil</b> if there are no values. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1165 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1166 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1167 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1168 Here are some examples: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1169 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1170 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1171 f() -- adjusted to 0 results |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1172 g(f(), x) -- f() is adjusted to 1 result |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1173 g(x, f()) -- g gets x plus all results from f() |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1174 a,b,c = f(), x -- f() is adjusted to 1 result (c gets nil) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1175 a,b = ... -- a gets the first vararg parameter, b gets |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1176 -- the second (both a and b can get nil if there |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1177 -- is no corresponding vararg parameter) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1178 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1179 a,b,c = x, f() -- f() is adjusted to 2 results |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1180 a,b,c = f() -- f() is adjusted to 3 results |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1181 return f() -- returns all results from f() |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1182 return ... -- returns all received vararg parameters |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1183 return x,y,f() -- returns x, y, and all results from f() |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1184 {f()} -- creates a list with all results from f() |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1185 {...} -- creates a list with all vararg parameters |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1186 {f(), nil} -- f() is adjusted to 1 result |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1187 </pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1188 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1189 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1190 Any expression enclosed in parentheses always results in only one value. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1191 Thus, |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1192 <code>(f(x,y,z))</code> is always a single value, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1193 even if <code>f</code> returns several values. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1194 (The value of <code>(f(x,y,z))</code> is the first value returned by <code>f</code> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1195 or <b>nil</b> if <code>f</code> does not return any values.) |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1196 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1197 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1198 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1199 <h4 heading><a name="arithmetic">Arithmetic Operators</a></h4> |
395 | 1200 |
1201 <p> | |
1202 Luan supports the following arithmetic operators: | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1203 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1204 <ul> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1205 <li><b><code>+</code>: </b>addition</li> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1206 <li><b><code>-</code>: </b>subtraction</li> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1207 <li><b><code>*</code>: </b>multiplication</li> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1208 <li><b><code>/</code>: </b>division</li> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1209 <li><b><code>%</code>: </b>modulo</li> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1210 <li><b><code>^</code>: </b>exponentiation</li> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1211 <li><b><code>-</code>: </b>unary minus</li> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1212 </ul> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1213 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1214 <p> |
395 | 1215 Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and unary minus are the same as these operators in Java. Exponentiation uses Java's <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Math.html#pow(double,%20double)">Math.pow</a> function. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1216 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1217 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1218 Modulo is defined as the remainder of a division |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1219 that rounds the quotient towards minus infinite (floor division). |
395 | 1220 (The Java modulo operator is not used.) |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1221 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1222 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1223 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1224 <h4 heading><a name="conversions">Coercions and Conversions</a></h4> |
396 | 1225 |
1226 <p> | |
465 | 1227 Luan generally avoids automatic conversions. |
1228 String concatenation automatically converts all of its arguments to strings. | |
1229 | |
1230 <p> | |
1231 Luan provides library functions for explicit type conversions. | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1232 |
396 | 1233 |
1234 | |
1235 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1236 <h4 heading><a name="relational">Relational Operators</a></h4> |
396 | 1237 |
1238 <p> | |
1239 Luan supports the following relational operators: | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1240 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1241 <ul> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1242 <li><b><code>==</code>: </b>equality</li> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1243 <li><b><code>~=</code>: </b>inequality</li> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1244 <li><b><code><</code>: </b>less than</li> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1245 <li><b><code>></code>: </b>greater than</li> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1246 <li><b><code><=</code>: </b>less or equal</li> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1247 <li><b><code>>=</code>: </b>greater or equal</li> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1248 </ul><p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1249 These operators always result in <b>false</b> or <b>true</b>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1250 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1251 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1252 <p> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1253 Equality (<code>==</code>) first compares the type of its operands. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1254 If the types are different, then the result is <b>false</b>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1255 Otherwise, the values of the operands are compared. |
396 | 1256 Strings, numbers, and binary values are compared in the obvious way (by value). |
1257 | |
1258 <p> | |
1259 Tables | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1260 are compared by reference: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1261 two objects are considered equal only if they are the same object. |
396 | 1262 Every time you create a new table, |
1263 it is different from any previously existing table. | |
1264 Closures are also compared by reference. | |
1265 | |
1266 <p> | |
417 | 1267 You can change the way that Luan compares tables |
464
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
1268 by using the "eq" metamethod (see <a href="#meta">Metatables and Metamethods</a>). |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1269 |
396 | 1270 <p> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1271 Java values are compared for equality with the Java <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html#equals(java.lang.Object)"><code>equals</code></a> method. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1272 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1273 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1274 Equality comparisons do not convert strings to numbers |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1275 or vice versa. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1276 Thus, <code>"0"==0</code> evaluates to <b>false</b>, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1277 and <code>t[0]</code> and <code>t["0"]</code> denote different |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1278 entries in a table. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1279 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1280 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1281 <p> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1282 The operator <code>~=</code> is exactly the negation of equality (<code>==</code>). |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1283 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1284 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1285 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1286 The order operators work as follows. |
396 | 1287 |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1288 If both arguments are numbers, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1289 then they are compared following |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1290 the usual rule for binary operations. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1291 Otherwise, if both arguments are strings, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1292 then their values are compared according to the current locale. |
396 | 1293 Otherwise, Luan tries to call the "lt" or the "le" |
464
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
1294 metamethod (see <a href="#meta">Metatables and Metamethods</a>). |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1295 A comparison <code>a > b</code> is translated to <code>b < a</code> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1296 and <code>a >= b</code> is translated to <code>b <= a</code>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1297 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1298 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1299 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1300 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1301 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1302 <h4 heading><a name="logical_ops">Logical Operators</a></h4> |
396 | 1303 |
1304 <p> | |
1305 The logical operators in Luan are | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1306 <b>and</b>, <b>or</b>, and <b>not</b>. |
396 | 1307 The <b>and</b> and <b>or</b> operators consider both <b>false</b> and <b>nil</b> as false |
1308 and anything else as true. | |
464
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
1309 Like the control structures (see <a href="#control">Control Structures</a>), |
396 | 1310 the <b>not</b> operator requires a boolean value. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1311 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1312 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1313 The negation operator <b>not</b> always returns <b>false</b> or <b>true</b>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1314 The conjunction operator <b>and</b> returns its first argument |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1315 if this value is <b>false</b> or <b>nil</b>; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1316 otherwise, <b>and</b> returns its second argument. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1317 The disjunction operator <b>or</b> returns its first argument |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1318 if this value is different from <b>nil</b> and <b>false</b>; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1319 otherwise, <b>or</b> returns its second argument. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1320 Both <b>and</b> and <b>or</b> use short-circuit evaluation; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1321 that is, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1322 the second operand is evaluated only if necessary. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1323 Here are some examples: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1324 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1325 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1326 10 or 20 --> 10 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1327 10 or error() --> 10 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1328 nil or "a" --> "a" |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1329 nil and 10 --> nil |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1330 false and error() --> false |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1331 false and nil --> false |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1332 false or nil --> nil |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1333 10 and 20 --> 20 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1334 </pre> |
396 | 1335 |
1336 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1337 (In this manual, |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1338 <code>--></code> indicates the result of the preceding expression.) |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1339 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1340 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1341 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1342 <h4 heading><a name="concatenation">Concatenation</a></h4> |
396 | 1343 |
1344 <p> | |
1345 The string concatenation operator in Luan is | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1346 denoted by two dots ('<code>..</code>'). |
396 | 1347 All operands are converted to strings. |
1348 | |
1349 | |
1350 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1351 <h4 heading><a name="length">The Length Operator</a></h4> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1352 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1353 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1354 The length operator is denoted by the unary prefix operator <code>#</code>. |
396 | 1355 The length of a string is its number of characters. |
1356 The length of a binary is its number of bytes. | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1357 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1358 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1359 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1360 A program can modify the behavior of the length operator for |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1361 any table through the <code>__len</code> metamethod (see <a href="#meta">Metatables and Metamethods</a>). |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1362 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1363 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1364 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1365 Unless a <code>__len</code> metamethod is given, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1366 the length of a table <code>t</code> is defined |
396 | 1367 as the number of elements in <em>sequence</em>, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1368 that is, |
396 | 1369 the size of the set of its positive numeric keys is equal to <em>{1..n}</em> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1370 for some non-negative integer <em>n</em>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1371 In that case, <em>n</em> is its length. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1372 Note that a table like |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1373 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1374 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1375 {10, 20, nil, 40} |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1376 </pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1377 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1378 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1379 has a length of <code>2</code>, because that is the last key in sequence. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1380 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1381 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1382 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1383 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1384 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1385 <h4 heading><a name="precedence">Precedence</a></h4> |
396 | 1386 |
1387 <p> | |
1388 Operator precedence in Luan follows the table below, | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1389 from lower to higher priority: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1390 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1391 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1392 or |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1393 and |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1394 < > <= >= ~= == |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1395 .. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1396 + - |
396 | 1397 * / % |
1398 unary operators (not # -) | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1399 ^ |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1400 </pre> |
396 | 1401 |
1402 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1403 As usual, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1404 you can use parentheses to change the precedences of an expression. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1405 The concatenation ('<code>..</code>') and exponentiation ('<code>^</code>') |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1406 operators are right associative. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1407 All other binary operators are left associative. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1408 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1409 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1410 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1411 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1412 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1413 <h4 heading><a name="constructors">Table Constructors</a></h4> |
396 | 1414 |
1415 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1416 Table constructors are expressions that create tables. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1417 Every time a constructor is evaluated, a new table is created. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1418 A constructor can be used to create an empty table |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1419 or to create a table and initialize some of its fields. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1420 The general syntax for constructors is |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1421 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1422 <pre> |
604
b73f005f3735
table constructor now uses end_of_line as a delimiter
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
589
diff
changeset
|
1423 tableconstructor ::= ‘<b>{</b>’ fieldlist ‘<b>}</b>’ |
b73f005f3735
table constructor now uses end_of_line as a delimiter
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
589
diff
changeset
|
1424 fieldlist ::= [field] {fieldsep [field]} |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1425 field ::= ‘<b>[</b>’ exp ‘<b>]</b>’ ‘<b>=</b>’ exp | Name ‘<b>=</b>’ exp | exp |
604
b73f005f3735
table constructor now uses end_of_line as a delimiter
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
589
diff
changeset
|
1426 fieldsep ::= ‘<b>,</b>’ | ‘<b>;</b>’ | <b>end_of_line</b> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1427 </pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1428 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1429 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1430 Each field of the form <code>[exp1] = exp2</code> adds to the new table an entry |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1431 with key <code>exp1</code> and value <code>exp2</code>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1432 A field of the form <code>name = exp</code> is equivalent to |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1433 <code>["name"] = exp</code>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1434 Finally, fields of the form <code>exp</code> are equivalent to |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1435 <code>[i] = exp</code>, where <code>i</code> are consecutive integers |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1436 starting with 1. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1437 Fields in the other formats do not affect this counting. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1438 For example, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1439 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1440 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1441 a = { [f(1)] = g; "x", "y"; x = 1, f(x), [30] = 23; 45 } |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1442 </pre> |
396 | 1443 |
1444 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1445 is equivalent to |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1446 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1447 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1448 do |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1449 local t = {} |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1450 t[f(1)] = g |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1451 t[1] = "x" -- 1st exp |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1452 t[2] = "y" -- 2nd exp |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1453 t.x = 1 -- t["x"] = 1 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1454 t[3] = f(x) -- 3rd exp |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1455 t[30] = 23 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1456 t[4] = 45 -- 4th exp |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1457 a = t |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1458 end |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1459 </pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1460 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1461 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1462 The order of the assignments in a constructor is undefined. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1463 (This order would be relevant only when there are repeated keys.) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1464 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1465 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1466 <p> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1467 If the last field in the list has the form <code>exp</code> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1468 and the expression is a function call or a vararg expression, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1469 then all values returned by this expression enter the list consecutively |
464
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
1470 (see <a href="#fn_calls">Function Calls</a>). |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1471 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1472 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1473 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1474 The field list can have an optional trailing separator, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1475 as a convenience for machine-generated code. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1476 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1477 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1478 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1479 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1480 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1481 <h4 heading><a name="fn_calls">Function Calls</a></h4> |
417 | 1482 |
1483 <p> | |
1484 A function call in Luan has the following syntax: | |
1485 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1486 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1487 functioncall ::= prefixexp args |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1488 </pre> |
417 | 1489 |
1490 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1491 In a function call, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1492 first prefixexp and args are evaluated. |
685 | 1493 The value of prefixexp must have type <em>function</em>. |
1494 This function is called | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1495 with the given arguments. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1496 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1497 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1498 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1499 Arguments have the following syntax: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1500 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1501 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1502 args ::= ‘<b>(</b>’ [explist] ‘<b>)</b>’ |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1503 args ::= tableconstructor |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1504 args ::= LiteralString |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1505 </pre> |
417 | 1506 |
1507 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1508 All argument expressions are evaluated before the call. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1509 A call of the form <code>f{<em>fields</em>}</code> is |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1510 syntactic sugar for <code>f({<em>fields</em>})</code>; |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1511 that is, the argument list is a single new table. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1512 A call of the form <code>f'<em>string</em>'</code> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1513 (or <code>f"<em>string</em>"</code> or <code>f[[<em>string</em>]]</code>) |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1514 is syntactic sugar for <code>f('<em>string</em>')</code>; |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1515 that is, the argument list is a single literal string. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1516 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1517 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1518 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1519 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1520 <h4 heading><a name="fn_def">Function Definitions</a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1521 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1522 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1523 The syntax for function definition is |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1524 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1525 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1526 functiondef ::= <b>function</b> funcbody |
1092 | 1527 funcbody ::= ‘<b>(</b>’ [parlist] ‘<b>)</b>’ block end_function |
1528 end_function ::= <b>end_function</b> | <b>end</b> | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1529 </pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1530 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1531 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1532 The following syntactic sugar simplifies function definitions: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1533 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1534 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1535 stat ::= <b>function</b> funcname funcbody |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1536 stat ::= <b>local</b> <b>function</b> Name funcbody |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1537 funcname ::= Name {‘<b>.</b>’ Name} [‘<b>:</b>’ Name] |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1538 </pre> |
417 | 1539 |
1540 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1541 The statement |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1542 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1543 <pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1544 function f () <em>body</em> end |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1545 </pre> |
417 | 1546 |
1547 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1548 translates to |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1549 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1550 <pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1551 f = function () <em>body</em> end |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1552 </pre> |
417 | 1553 |
1554 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1555 The statement |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1556 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1557 <pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1558 function t.a.b.c.f () <em>body</em> end |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1559 </pre> |
417 | 1560 |
1561 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1562 translates to |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1563 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1564 <pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1565 t.a.b.c.f = function () <em>body</em> end |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1566 </pre> |
417 | 1567 |
1568 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1569 The statement |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1570 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1571 <pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1572 local function f () <em>body</em> end |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1573 </pre> |
417 | 1574 |
1575 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1576 translates to |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1577 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1578 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1579 local f; f = function () <em>body</em> end |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1580 </pre> |
417 | 1581 |
1582 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1583 not to |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1584 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1585 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1586 local f = function () <em>body</em> end |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1587 </pre> |
417 | 1588 |
1589 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1590 (This only makes a difference when the body of the function |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1591 contains references to <code>f</code>.) |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1592 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1593 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1594 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1595 A function definition is an executable expression, |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1596 whose value has type <em>function</em>. |
417 | 1597 When Luan precompiles a chunk, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1598 all its function bodies are precompiled too. |
417 | 1599 Then, whenever Luan executes the function definition, |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1600 the function is <em>instantiated</em> (or <em>closed</em>). |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1601 This function instance (or <em>closure</em>) |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1602 is the final value of the expression. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1603 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1604 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1605 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1606 Parameters act as local variables that are |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1607 initialized with the argument values: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1608 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1609 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1610 parlist ::= namelist [‘<b>,</b>’ ‘<b>...</b>’] | ‘<b>...</b>’ |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1611 </pre> |
417 | 1612 |
1613 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1614 When a function is called, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1615 the list of arguments is adjusted to |
1090
616761e0b9f6
update documentation for last change
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
799
diff
changeset
|
1616 the length of the list of parameters if the list is too short, |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1617 unless the function is a <em>vararg function</em>, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1618 which is indicated by three dots ('<code>...</code>') |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1619 at the end of its parameter list. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1620 A vararg function does not adjust its argument list; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1621 instead, it collects all extra arguments and supplies them |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1622 to the function through a <em>vararg expression</em>, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1623 which is also written as three dots. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1624 The value of this expression is a list of all actual extra arguments, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1625 similar to a function with multiple results. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1626 If a vararg expression is used inside another expression |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1627 or in the middle of a list of expressions, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1628 then its return list is adjusted to one element. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1629 If the expression is used as the last element of a list of expressions, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1630 then no adjustment is made |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1631 (unless that last expression is enclosed in parentheses). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1632 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1633 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1634 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1635 As an example, consider the following definitions: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1636 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1637 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1638 function f(a, b) end |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1639 function g(a, b, ...) end |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1640 function r() return 1,2,3 end |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1641 </pre> |
417 | 1642 |
1643 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1644 Then, we have the following mapping from arguments to parameters and |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1645 to the vararg expression: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1646 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1647 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1648 CALL PARAMETERS |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1649 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1650 f(3) a=3, b=nil |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1651 f(3, 4) a=3, b=4 |
1090
616761e0b9f6
update documentation for last change
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
799
diff
changeset
|
1652 f(3, 4, 5) runtime error |
616761e0b9f6
update documentation for last change
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
799
diff
changeset
|
1653 f(r(), 10) runtime error |
616761e0b9f6
update documentation for last change
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
799
diff
changeset
|
1654 f(r()) runtime error |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1655 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1656 g(3) a=3, b=nil, ... --> (nothing) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1657 g(3, 4) a=3, b=4, ... --> (nothing) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1658 g(3, 4, 5, 8) a=3, b=4, ... --> 5 8 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1659 g(5, r()) a=5, b=1, ... --> 2 3 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1660 </pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1661 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1662 <p> |
464
eddf7c73373b
fix references in the manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
429
diff
changeset
|
1663 Results are returned using the <b>return</b> statement (see <a href="#control">Control Structures</a>). |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1664 If control reaches the end of a function |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1665 without encountering a <b>return</b> statement, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1666 then the function returns with no results. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1667 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1668 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1669 <h4 heading><a name="template_expr">Template Expressions</a></h4> |
465 | 1670 |
1671 <p>Luan template expression are based on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaServer_Pages">JSP</a>. Template expressions return multiple values. Here is an example:</p> | |
1672 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1673 <pre><%=Html.encode[[ |
465 | 1674 local name = "Bob" |
469 | 1675 write( %>Hello <%= name %>!<% ) |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1676 ]]%></pre> |
465 | 1677 |
1678 <p>This is equivalent to the code:</p> | |
1679 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1680 <pre> |
465 | 1681 local name = "Bob" |
1682 write( "Hello ", name, "!" ) | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1683 </pre> |
465 | 1684 |
1685 <p>The strings in template expressions may be multiple lines.</p> | |
1686 | |
417 | 1687 |
1688 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1689 <h3 heading><a name="visibility">Visibility Rules</a></h3> |
417 | 1690 |
1691 <p> | |
1692 Luan is a lexically scoped language. | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1693 The scope of a local variable begins at the first statement after |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1694 its declaration and lasts until the last non-void statement |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1695 of the innermost block that includes the declaration. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1696 Consider the following example: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1697 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1698 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1699 x = 10 -- global variable |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1700 do -- new block |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1701 local x = x -- new 'x', with value 10 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1702 print(x) --> 10 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1703 x = x+1 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1704 do -- another block |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1705 local x = x+1 -- another 'x' |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1706 print(x) --> 12 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1707 end |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1708 print(x) --> 11 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1709 end |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1710 print(x) --> 10 (the global one) |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1711 </pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1712 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1713 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1714 Notice that, in a declaration like <code>local x = x</code>, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1715 the new <code>x</code> being declared is not in scope yet, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1716 and so the second <code>x</code> refers to the outside variable. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1717 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1718 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1719 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1720 Because of the lexical scoping rules, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1721 local variables can be freely accessed by functions |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1722 defined inside their scope. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1723 A local variable used by an inner function is called |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1724 an <em>upvalue</em>, or <em>external local variable</em>, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1725 inside the inner function. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1726 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1727 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1728 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1729 Notice that each execution of a <b>local</b> statement |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1730 defines new local variables. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1731 Consider the following example: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1732 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1733 <pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1734 a = {} |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1735 local x = 20 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1736 for i=1,10 do |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1737 local y = 0 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1738 a[i] = function () y=y+1; return x+y end |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1739 end |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1740 </pre> |
417 | 1741 |
1742 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1743 The loop creates ten closures |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1744 (that is, ten instances of the anonymous function). |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1745 Each of these closures uses a different <code>y</code> variable, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1746 while all of them share the same <code>x</code>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1747 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1748 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1749 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1750 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1751 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1752 <h2 heading><a name="libs">Standard Libraries</a></h2> |
468 | 1753 |
1754 <p> | |
1755 The standard Luan libraries provide useful functions | |
1756 that are implemented both in Java and in Luan itself. | |
1757 How each function is implemented shouldn't matter to the user. | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1758 Some of these functions provide essential services to the language |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1759 (e.g., <a href="#Luan.type"><code>type</code></a> and <a href="#Luan.get_metatable"><code>get_metatable</code></a>); |
468 | 1760 others provide access to "outside" services (e.g., I/O). |
1761 | |
1762 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1763 <h3 heading><a name="default_lib">Default Environment</a></h3> |
468 | 1764 |
1765 <p> | |
1766 These are provided by default as local variables for any Luan code as described in <a href="#env">Environments</a>. | |
1767 | |
470 | 1768 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1769 <h4 heading><a name="require"><code>java ()</code></a></h4> |
470 | 1770 |
1771 <p> | |
1772 This function enables Java in the current chunk if that chunk has permission to use Java. If the chunk doesn't have permission to use Java, then an error is thrown. | |
1773 | |
1774 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1775 <h4 heading><a name="require"><code>require (mod_uri)</code></a></h4> |
470 | 1776 |
1777 <p> | |
1778 Example use: | |
1779 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1780 <pre> |
693
ca169567ce07
module URIs must now include ".luan"
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
685
diff
changeset
|
1781 local Table = require "luan:Table.luan" |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1782 </pre> |
470 | 1783 |
1784 <p> | |
1785 Could be defined as: | |
1786 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1787 <pre> |
470 | 1788 local function require(mod_name) |
476 | 1789 return <a href="#Package.load">Package.load</a>(mod_name) or <a href="#Luan.error">Luan.error</a>("module '"..mod_name.."' not found") |
470 | 1790 end |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1791 </pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1792 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1793 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1794 <h3 heading><a name="luan_lib">Basic Functions</a></h3> |
470 | 1795 |
1796 <p> | |
1797 Include this library by: | |
1798 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1799 <pre> |
693
ca169567ce07
module URIs must now include ".luan"
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
685
diff
changeset
|
1800 local Luan = require "luan:Luan.luan" |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1801 </pre> |
470 | 1802 |
476 | 1803 <p> |
470 | 1804 The basic library provides basic functions to Luan that don't depend on other libaries. |
1805 | |
1806 | |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
1807 <h4 heading><a name="Luan.do_file" href="#Luan.do_file"><code>Luan.do_file ([uri])</code></a></h4> |
470 | 1808 |
1809 <p> | |
1810 Could be defined as: | |
1811 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1812 <pre> |
470 | 1813 function Luan.do_file(uri) |
474 | 1814 return <a href="#Luan.load_file">Luan.load_file</a>(uri)() |
470 | 1815 end |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1816 </pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1817 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1818 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1819 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
1820 <h4 heading><a name="Luan.error" href="#Luan.error"><code>Luan.error (message)</code></a></h4> |
470 | 1821 |
1822 <p> | |
482 | 1823 Throws an error containing the message. |
1824 | |
1825 <p> | |
1826 Could be defined as: | |
1827 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1828 <pre> |
482 | 1829 function Luan.error(message) |
1830 <a href="#Luan.new_error">Luan.new_error</a>(message).throw() | |
1831 end | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1832 </pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1833 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1834 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1835 |
695 | 1836 <h4 heading><a name="Luan.eval" href="#Luan.eval"><code>Luan.eval (text [, source_name])</code></a></h4> |
1837 | |
1838 <p> | |
1839 Evaluates <code>text</code> as a Luan expression. | |
1840 | |
1841 <p> | |
1842 Could be defined as: | |
1843 | |
1844 <pre> | |
1845 function Luan.eval(text,source_name) | |
1846 return Luan.load( "return "..text, source_name or "eval" )() | |
1847 end | |
1848 </pre> | |
1849 | |
1850 | |
1851 | |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
1852 <h4 heading><a name="Luan.get_metatable" href="#Luan.get_metatable"><code>Luan.get_metatable (table)</code></a></h4> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1853 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1854 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1855 If <code>table</code> does not have a metatable, returns <b>nil</b>. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1856 Otherwise, |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1857 if the table's metatable has a <code>"__metatable"</code> field, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1858 returns the associated value. |
470 | 1859 Otherwise, returns the metatable of the given table. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1860 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1861 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
1862 <h4 heading><a name="Luan.ipairs" href="#Luan.ipairs"><code>Luan.ipairs (t)</code></a></h4> |
474 | 1863 |
1864 <p> | |
1865 Returns an iterator function | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1866 so that the construction |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1867 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1868 <pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1869 for i,v in ipairs(t) do <em>body</em> end |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1870 </pre> |
474 | 1871 |
1872 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1873 will iterate over the key–value pairs |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1874 (<code>1,t[1]</code>), (<code>2,t[2]</code>), ..., |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1875 up to the first nil value. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1876 |
474 | 1877 <p> |
1878 Could be defined as: | |
1879 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1880 <pre> |
474 | 1881 function Luan.ipairs(t) |
1882 local i = 0 | |
1883 return function() | |
1884 if i < #t then | |
1885 i = i + 1 | |
1886 return i, t[i] | |
1887 end | |
1888 end | |
1889 end | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1890 </pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1891 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1892 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1893 |
695 | 1894 <h4 heading><a name="Luan.load" href="#Luan.load"><code>Luan.load (text, source_name [, env])</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1895 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1896 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1897 Loads a chunk. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1898 |
474 | 1899 <p> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1900 The <code>text</code> is compiled. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1901 If there are no syntactic errors, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1902 returns the compiled chunk as a function; |
474 | 1903 otherwise, throws an error. |
1904 | |
1905 <p> | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1906 The <code>source_name</code> parameter is a string saying where the text came from. It is used to produce error messages. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1907 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1908 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1909 If the <code>env</code> parameter is supplied, it becomes the <code>_ENV</code> of the chunk. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1910 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1911 |
693
ca169567ce07
module URIs must now include ".luan"
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
685
diff
changeset
|
1912 <h4 heading><a name="Luan.load_file" href="#Luan.load_file"><code>Luan.load_file ([file_uri])</code></a></h4> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1913 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1914 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1915 Similar to <a href="#Luan.load"><code>load</code></a>, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1916 but gets the chunk from file <code>file_uri</code> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1917 or from the standard input, |
474 | 1918 if no file uri is given. |
1919 | |
1920 <p> | |
1921 Could be defined as: | |
1922 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1923 <pre> |
693
ca169567ce07
module URIs must now include ".luan"
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
685
diff
changeset
|
1924 function Luan.load_file(file_uri) |
474 | 1925 file_uri = file_uri or "stdin:" |
693
ca169567ce07
module URIs must now include ".luan"
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
685
diff
changeset
|
1926 local f = Io.uri(file_uri) |
474 | 1927 f.exists() or <a href="#Luan.error">Luan.error</a>("file '"..file_uri.."' not found") |
1928 return <a href="#Luan.load">Luan.load</a>( f.read_text(), file_uri ) | |
1929 end | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1930 </pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1931 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1932 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
1933 <h4 heading><a name="Luan.new_error" href="#Luan.new_error"><code>Luan.new_error (message)</code></a></h4> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1934 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1935 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1936 Creates a new error table containing the message assigned to "<code>message</code>". The error table also contains a <code>throw</code> function which throws the error. The table also contains a list of stack trace elements where each stack trace element is a table containing "<code>source</code>", "<code>line</code>", and possible "<code>call_to</code>". The table also has a metatable containing "<code>__to_string</code>" to render the error. |
482 | 1937 |
1938 <p> | |
1939 To print the current stack trace, you could do: | |
1940 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1941 <pre> |
482 | 1942 Io.print( Luan.new_error "stack" ) |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1943 </pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1944 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1945 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
1946 <h4 heading><a name="Luan.pairs" href="#Luan.pairs"><code>Luan.pairs (t)</code></a></h4> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1947 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1948 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1949 If <code>t</code> has a metamethod <code>__pairs</code>, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1950 calls it with <code>t</code> as argument and returns the |
475 | 1951 result from the call. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1952 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1953 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1954 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1955 Otherwise, |
475 | 1956 returns a function |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1957 so that the construction |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1958 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1959 <pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1960 for k,v in pairs(t) do <em>body</em> end |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1961 </pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1962 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1963 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1964 will iterate over all key–value pairs of table <code>t</code>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1965 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1966 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1967 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
1968 <h4 heading><a name="Luan.pcall" href="#Luan.pcall"><code>Luan.pcall (f [, arg1, ···])</code></a></h4> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1969 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1970 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1971 Calls function <code>f</code> with |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1972 the given arguments in <em>protected mode</em>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1973 This means that any error inside <code>f</code> is not propagated; |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1974 instead, <code>pcall</code> catches the error |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1975 and returns a status code. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1976 Its first result is the status code (a boolean), |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1977 which is true if the call succeeds without errors. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1978 In such case, <code>pcall</code> also returns all results from the call, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1979 after this first result. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
1980 In case of any error, <code>pcall</code> returns <b>false</b> plus the error. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1981 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1982 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1983 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1984 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1985 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1986 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-print"><code>print (···)</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1987 Receives any number of arguments |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1988 and prints their values to <code>stdout</code>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1989 using the <a href="#pdf-tostring"><code>tostring</code></a> function to convert each argument to a string. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1990 <code>print</code> is not intended for formatted output, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1991 but only as a quick way to show a value, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1992 for instance for debugging. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1993 For complete control over the output, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1994 use <a href="#pdf-string.format"><code>string.format</code></a> and <a href="#pdf-io.write"><code>io.write</code></a>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1995 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1996 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1997 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
1998 <h4 heading><a name="Luan.range" href="#Luan.range"><code>Luan.range (start, stop [, step])</code></a></h4> |
476 | 1999 |
2000 <p> | |
2001 Based on <a href="https://docs.python.org/2/library/functions.html#range">the Python range() function</a>, this lets one iterate through a sequence of numbers. | |
2002 | |
2003 <p> | |
2004 Example use: | |
2005 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2006 <pre> |
476 | 2007 for i in range(1,10) do |
2008 Io.print("count up:",i) | |
2009 end | |
2010 for i in range(10,0,-1) do | |
2011 Io.print("count down:",i) | |
2012 end | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2013 </pre> |
476 | 2014 |
2015 <p> | |
2016 Could be defined as: | |
2017 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2018 <pre> |
476 | 2019 function Luan.range(start, stop, step) |
2020 step = step or 1 | |
478 | 2021 step == 0 and <a href="#Luan.error">Luan.error</a> "bad argument #3 (step may not be zero)" |
476 | 2022 local i = start |
2023 return function() | |
2024 if step > 0 and i <= stop or step < 0 and i >= stop then | |
2025 local rtn = i | |
2026 i = i + step | |
2027 return rtn | |
2028 end | |
2029 end | |
2030 end | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2031 </pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2032 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2033 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2034 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2035 <h4 heading><a name="Luan.raw_equal" href="#Luan.raw_equal"><code>Luan.raw_equal (v1, v2)</code></a></h4> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2036 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2037 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2038 Checks whether <code>v1</code> is equal to <code>v2</code>, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2039 without invoking any metamethod. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2040 Returns a boolean. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2041 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2042 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2043 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2044 <h4 heading><a name="Luan.raw_get" href="#Luan.raw_get"><code>Luan.raw_get (table, index)</code></a></h4> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2045 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2046 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2047 Gets the real value of <code>table[index]</code>, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2048 without invoking any metamethod. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2049 <code>table</code> must be a table; |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2050 <code>index</code> may be any value. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2051 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2052 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2053 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2054 <h4 heading><a name="Luan.raw_len" href="#Luan.raw_len"><code>Luan.raw_len (v)</code></a></h4> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2055 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2056 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2057 Returns the length of the object <code>v</code>, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2058 which must be a table or a string, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2059 without invoking any metamethod. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2060 Returns an integer. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2061 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2062 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2063 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2064 <h4 heading><a name="Luan.raw_set" href="#Luan.raw_set"><code>Luan.raw_set (table, index, value)</code></a></h4> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2065 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2066 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2067 Sets the real value of <code>table[index]</code> to <code>value</code>, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2068 without invoking any metamethod. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2069 <code>table</code> must be a table, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2070 <code>index</code> any value different from <b>nil</b>, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2071 and <code>value</code> any Lua value. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2072 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2073 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2074 <h4 heading><a name="Luan.set_metatable" href="#Luan.set_metatable"><code>Luan.set_metatable (table, metatable)</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2075 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2076 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2077 Sets the metatable for the given table. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2078 If <code>metatable</code> is <b>nil</b>, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2079 removes the metatable of the given table. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2080 If the original metatable has a <code>"__metatable"</code> field, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2081 raises an error. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2082 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2083 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2084 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2085 <h4 heading><a name="Luan.to_string" href="#Luan.to_string"><code>Luan.to_string (v)</code></a></h4> |
475 | 2086 |
2087 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2088 Receives a value of any type and |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2089 converts it to a string in a human-readable format. |
475 | 2090 |
2091 <p> | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2092 If the metatable of <code>v</code> has a <code>"__to_string"</code> field, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2093 then <code>to_string</code> calls the corresponding value |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2094 with <code>v</code> as argument, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2095 and uses the result of the call as its result. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2096 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2097 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2098 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2099 <h4 heading><a name="Luan.try" href="#Luan.try"><code>Luan.try (t, ···)</code></a></h4> |
589
97c8ae330efe
add varargs to Luan.try;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
581
diff
changeset
|
2100 |
97c8ae330efe
add varargs to Luan.try;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
581
diff
changeset
|
2101 <p> |
97c8ae330efe
add varargs to Luan.try;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
581
diff
changeset
|
2102 Implements try-catch as found in other languages where each block is in table <code>t</code>. <code>t[1]</code> is the "try" block. The <code>t.catch</code> and <code>t.finally</code> blocks are optional. Any extra arguments are passed to the "try" function. Returns the result of the "try" block or the "catch" block. |
476 | 2103 |
2104 <p> | |
2105 Example use: | |
2106 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2107 <pre> |
476 | 2108 try { |
2109 function() | |
2110 a_dangerous_fn() | |
702 | 2111 end |
476 | 2112 catch = function(e) |
2113 -- handle error | |
702 | 2114 end |
476 | 2115 finally = function() |
2116 -- clean up | |
702 | 2117 end |
476 | 2118 } |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2119 </pre> |
476 | 2120 |
482 | 2121 <p> |
2122 Could be defined as: | |
2123 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2124 <pre> |
482 | 2125 function Luan.try(t) |
2126 local r = { <a href="#Luan.pcall">Luan.pcall</a>(t[1]) } | |
2127 if r[1] then | |
2128 Table.remove(r,1) | |
2129 elseif t.catch ~= nil then | |
2130 r = { t.catch(r[2]) } | |
2131 else | |
2132 t.finally and t.finally() | |
2133 r[2].throw() | |
2134 end | |
2135 t.finally and t.finally() | |
2136 return Table.unpack(r) | |
2137 end | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2138 </pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2139 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2140 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2141 <h4 heading><a name="Luan.type" href="#Luan.type"><code>Luan.type (v)</code></a></h4> |
475 | 2142 |
2143 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2144 Returns the type of its only argument, coded as a string. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2145 The possible results of this function are |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2146 "<code>nil</code>" (a string, not the value <b>nil</b>), |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2147 "<code>number</code>", |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2148 "<code>string</code>", |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2149 "<code>binary</code>", |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2150 "<code>boolean</code>", |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2151 "<code>table</code>", |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2152 "<code>function</code>", |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2153 and "<code>java</code>". |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2154 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2155 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2156 <h4 heading><a name="Luan.values" href="#Luan.values"><code>Luan.values (···)</code></a></h4> |
476 | 2157 |
2158 <p> | |
2159 Returns a function so that the construction | |
2160 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2161 <pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2162 for v in Luan.values(···) do <em>body</em> end |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2163 </pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2164 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2165 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2166 will iterate over all values of <code>···</code>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2167 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2168 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2169 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2170 <h4 heading><a name="Luan.VERSION" href="#Luan.VERSION"><code>Luan.VERSION</code></a></h4> |
475 | 2171 |
2172 <p> | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2173 A global variable (not a function) that |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2174 holds a string containing the current interpreter version. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2175 The current value of this variable is "<code><%=Luan.VERSION%></code>". |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2176 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2177 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2178 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2179 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2180 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2181 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2182 <h3 heading><a name="package_lib">Modules</a></h3> |
476 | 2183 |
2184 <p> | |
2185 Include this library by: | |
2186 | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2187 <pre> |
693
ca169567ce07
module URIs must now include ".luan"
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
685
diff
changeset
|
2188 local Package = require "luan:Package.luan" |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2189 </pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2190 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2191 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2192 The package library provides basic |
476 | 2193 facilities for loading modules in Luan. |
2194 | |
2195 | |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2196 <h4 heading><a name="Package.load" href="#Package.load"><code>Package.load (mod_uri)</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2197 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2198 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2199 Loads the given module. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2200 The function starts by looking into the <a href="#Package.loaded"><code>Package.loaded</code></a> table |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2201 to determine whether <code>mod_uri</code> is already loaded. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2202 If it is, then <code>Package.load</code> returns the value stored |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2203 at <code>Package.loaded[mod_uri]</code>. |
476 | 2204 Otherwise, it tries to load a new value for the module. |
2205 | |
2206 <p> | |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2207 To load a new value, <code>Package.load</code> first checks if <code>mod_uri</code> starts with "<b>java:</b>". If yes, then this is a Java class which is loaded by special Java code. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2208 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2209 <p> |
799
9c13a15a4002
Package.load() now returns false instead of null, and caches the result. This cleans up the luan.isLocked issues.
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
793
diff
changeset
|
2210 Otherwise <code>Package.load</code> tries to read the text of the file referred to by <code>mod_uri</code>. If the file doesn't exist, then <code>Package.load</code> returns <b>false</b>. If the file exists, then its content is compiled into a chunk by calling <a href="#Luan.load"><code>Luan.load</code></a>. This chunk is run passing in <code>mod_uri</code> as an argument. The value returned by the chunk must not be <b>nil</b> and is loaded. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2211 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2212 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2213 If a new value for the module successful loaded, then it is stored in <code>Package.loaded[mod_uri]</code>. The value is returned. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2214 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2215 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2216 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2217 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2218 <h4 heading><a name="Package.loaded" href="#Package.loaded"><code>Package.loaded</code></a></h4> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2219 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2220 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2221 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2222 A table used by <a href="#Package.load"><code>Package.load</code></a> to control which |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2223 modules are already loaded. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2224 When you load a module <code>mod_uri</code> and |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2225 <code>Package.loaded[mod_uri]</code> is not <b>nil</b>, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2226 <a href="#Package.load"><code>Package.load</code></a> simply returns the value stored there. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2227 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2228 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2229 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2230 This variable is only a reference to the real table; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2231 assignments to this variable do not change the |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2232 table used by <a href="#Package.load"><code>Package.load</code></a>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2233 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2234 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2235 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2236 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2237 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2238 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2239 <h3 heading><a name="string_lib">String Manipulation</a></h3> |
555
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2240 |
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2241 <p> |
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2242 Include this library by: |
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2243 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2244 <pre> |
693
ca169567ce07
module URIs must now include ".luan"
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
685
diff
changeset
|
2245 local String = require "luan:String.luan" |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2246 </pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2247 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2248 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2249 This library provides generic functions for string manipulation, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2250 such as finding and extracting substrings, and pattern matching. |
555
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2251 When indexing a string in Luan, the first character is at position 1 |
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2252 (not at 0, as in Java). |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2253 Indices are allowed to be negative and are interpreted as indexing backwards, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2254 from the end of the string. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2255 Thus, the last character is at position -1, and so on. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2256 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2257 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2258 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2259 <h4 heading><a name="String.char" href="#String.char"><code>String.char (···)</code></a></h4> |
555
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2260 |
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2261 <p> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2262 Receives zero or more integers. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2263 Returns a string with length equal to the number of arguments, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2264 in which each character has the internal numerical code equal |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2265 to its corresponding argument. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2266 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2267 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2268 <h4 heading><a name="String.concat" href="#String.concat"><code>String.concat (···)</code></a></h4> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2269 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2270 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2271 Concatenates the <a href="#Luan.to_string"><code>to_string</code></a> value of all arguments. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2272 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2273 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2274 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2275 <h4 heading><a name="String.encode" href="#String.encode"><code>String.encode (s)</code></a></h4> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2276 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2277 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2278 Encodes argument <code>s</code> into a string that can be placed in quotes so as to return the original value of the string. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2279 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2280 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2281 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2282 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2283 <h4 heading><a name="String.find" href="#String.find"><code>String.find (s, pattern [, init [, plain]])</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2284 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2285 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2286 Looks for the first match of |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2287 <code>pattern</code> (see <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/util/regex/Pattern.html">Pattern</a>) in the string <code>s</code>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2288 If it finds a match, then <code>find</code> returns the indices of <code>s</code> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2289 where this occurrence starts and ends; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2290 otherwise, it returns <b>nil</b>. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2291 A third, optional numerical argument <code>init</code> specifies |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2292 where to start the search; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2293 its default value is 1 and can be negative. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2294 A value of <b>true</b> as a fourth, optional argument <code>plain</code> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2295 turns off the pattern matching facilities, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2296 so the function does a plain "find substring" operation, |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2297 with no characters in <code>pattern</code> being considered magic. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2298 Note that if <code>plain</code> is given, then <code>init</code> must be given as well. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2299 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2300 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2301 If the pattern has captures, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2302 then in a successful match |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2303 the captured values are also returned, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2304 after the two indices. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2305 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2306 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2307 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2308 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2309 <h4 heading><a name="String.format" href="#String.format"><code>String.format (formatstring, ···)</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2310 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2311 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2312 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2313 Returns a formatted version of its variable number of arguments |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2314 following the description given in its first argument (which must be a string). |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2315 The format string follows the same rules as the Java function <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/String.html#format(java.lang.String,%20java.lang.Object...)"><code>String.format</code></a> because Luan calls this internally. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2316 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2317 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2318 Note that Java's <code>String.format</code> is too stupid to convert between ints and floats, so you must provide the right kind of number. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2319 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2320 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2321 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2322 <h4 heading><a name="String.gmatch" href="#String.gmatch"><code>String.gmatch (s, pattern)</code></a></h4> |
555
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2323 |
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2324 <p> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2325 Returns an iterator function that, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2326 each time it is called, |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2327 returns the next captures from <code>pattern</code> (see <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/util/regex/Pattern.html">Pattern</a>) |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2328 over the string <code>s</code>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2329 If <code>pattern</code> specifies no captures, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2330 then the whole match is produced in each call. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2331 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2332 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2333 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2334 As an example, the following loop |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2335 will iterate over all the words from string <code>s</code>, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2336 printing one per line: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2337 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2338 <pre> |
555
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2339 local s = "hello world from Lua" |
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2340 for w in String.gmatch(s, [[\w+]]) do |
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2341 print(w) |
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2342 end |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2343 </pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2344 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2345 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2346 The next example collects all pairs <code>key=value</code> from the |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2347 given string into a table: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2348 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2349 <pre> |
555
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2350 local t = {} |
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2351 local s = "from=world, to=Lua" |
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2352 for k, v in String.gmatch(s, [[(\w+)=(\w+)]]) do |
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2353 t[k] = v |
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2354 end |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2355 </pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2356 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2357 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2358 For this function, a caret '<code>^</code>' at the start of a pattern does not |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2359 work as an anchor, as this would prevent the iteration. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2360 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2361 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2362 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2363 <h4 heading><a name="String.gsub" href="#String.gsub"><code>String.gsub (s, pattern, repl [, n])</code></a></h4> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2364 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2365 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2366 Returns a copy of <code>s</code> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2367 in which all (or the first <code>n</code>, if given) |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2368 occurrences of the <code>pattern</code> (see <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/util/regex/Pattern.html">Pattern</a>) have been |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2369 replaced by a replacement string specified by <code>repl</code>, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2370 which can be a string, a table, or a function. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2371 <code>gsub</code> also returns, as its second value, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2372 the total number of matches that occurred. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2373 The name <code>gsub</code> comes from <em>Global SUBstitution</em>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2374 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2375 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2376 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2377 If <code>repl</code> is a string, then its value is used for replacement. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2378 The character <code>\</code> works as an escape character. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2379 Any sequence in <code>repl</code> of the form <code>$<em>d</em></code>, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2380 with <em>d</em> between 1 and 9, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2381 stands for the value of the <em>d</em>-th captured substring. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2382 The sequence <code>$0</code> stands for the whole match. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2383 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2384 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2385 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2386 If <code>repl</code> is a table, then the table is queried for every match, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2387 using the first capture as the key. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2388 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2389 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2390 <p> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2391 If <code>repl</code> is a function, then this function is called every time a |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2392 match occurs, with all captured substrings passed as arguments, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2393 in order. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2394 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2395 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2396 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2397 In any case, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2398 if the pattern specifies no captures, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2399 then it behaves as if the whole pattern was inside a capture. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2400 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2401 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2402 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2403 If the value returned by the table query or by the function call |
555
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2404 is not <b>nil</b>, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2405 then it is used as the replacement string; |
555
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2406 otherwise, if it is <b>nil</b>, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2407 then there is no replacement |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2408 (that is, the original match is kept in the string). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2409 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2410 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2411 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2412 Here are some examples: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2413 |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2414 <pre> |
555
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2415 x = String.gsub("hello world", [[(\w+)]], "$1 $1") |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2416 --> x="hello hello world world" |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2417 |
555
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2418 x = String.gsub("hello world", [[\w+]], "$0 $0", 1) |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2419 --> x="hello hello world" |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2420 |
555
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2421 x = String.gsub("hello world from Luan", [[(\w+)\s*(\w+)]], "$2 $1") |
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2422 --> x="world hello Luan from" |
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2423 |
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2424 x = String.gsub("4+5 = $return 4+5$", [[\$(.*?)\$]], function (s) |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2425 return load(s)() |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2426 end) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2427 --> x="4+5 = 9" |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2428 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2429 local t = {name="lua", version="5.3"} |
555
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2430 x = String.gsub("$name-$version.tar.gz", [[\$(\w+)]], t) |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2431 --> x="lua-5.3.tar.gz" |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2432 </pre> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2433 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2434 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2435 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2436 <h4 heading><a name="String.literal" href="#String.literal"><code>String.literal (s)</code></a></h4> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2437 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2438 Returns a string which matches the literal string <code>s</code> in a regular expression. This function is simply the Java method <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/util/regex/Pattern.html#quote(java.lang.String)"><code>Pattern.quote</code></a>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2439 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2440 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2441 <h4 heading><a name="String.lower" href="#String.lower"><code>String.lower (s)</code></a></h4> |
555
e25ba7a2e816
some String documentation and fixes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
553
diff
changeset
|
2442 <p> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2443 Receives a string and returns a copy of this string with all |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2444 uppercase letters changed to lowercase. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2445 All other characters are left unchanged. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2446 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2447 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2448 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2449 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2450 <h4 heading><a name="String.match" href="#String.match"><code>String.match (s, pattern [, init])</code></a></h4> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2451 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2452 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2453 Looks for the first <em>match</em> of |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2454 <code>pattern</code> (see <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/util/regex/Pattern.html">Pattern</a>) in the string <code>s</code>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2455 If it finds one, then <code>match</code> returns |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2456 the captures from the pattern; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2457 otherwise it returns <b>nil</b>. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2458 If <code>pattern</code> specifies no captures, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2459 then the whole match is returned. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2460 A third, optional numerical argument <code>init</code> specifies |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2461 where to start the search; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2462 its default value is 1 and can be negative. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2463 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2464 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2465 <h4 heading><a name="String.matches" href="#String.matches"><code>String.matches (s, pattern)</code></a></h4> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2466 <p> |
629
35dde32c02ab
change String.matches()
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
626
diff
changeset
|
2467 Returns a boolean indicating whether the <code>pattern</code> can be found in string <code>s</code>. |
35dde32c02ab
change String.matches()
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
626
diff
changeset
|
2468 This function is equivalent to |
35dde32c02ab
change String.matches()
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
626
diff
changeset
|
2469 |
35dde32c02ab
change String.matches()
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
626
diff
changeset
|
2470 <pre> |
35dde32c02ab
change String.matches()
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
626
diff
changeset
|
2471 return String.match(s,pattern) ~= nil |
35dde32c02ab
change String.matches()
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
626
diff
changeset
|
2472 </pre> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2473 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2474 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2475 <h4 heading><a name="String.rep" href="#String.rep"><code>String.rep (s, n [, sep])</code></a></h4> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2476 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2477 Returns a string that is the concatenation of <code>n</code> copies of |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2478 the string <code>s</code> separated by the string <code>sep</code>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2479 The default value for <code>sep</code> is the empty string |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2480 (that is, no separator). |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2481 Returns the empty string if <code>n</code> is not positive. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2482 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2483 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2484 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2485 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2486 <h4 heading><a name="String.reverse" href="#String.reverse"><code>String.reverse (s)</code></a></h4> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2487 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2488 Returns a string that is the string <code>s</code> reversed. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2489 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2490 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2491 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2492 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2493 <h4 heading><a name="String.sub" href="#String.sub"><code>String.sub (s, i [, j])</code></a></h4> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2494 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2495 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2496 Returns the substring of <code>s</code> that |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2497 starts at <code>i</code> and continues until <code>j</code>; |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2498 <code>i</code> and <code>j</code> can be negative. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2499 If <code>j</code> is absent, then it is assumed to be equal to -1 |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2500 (which is the same as the string length). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2501 In particular, |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2502 the call <code>string.sub(s,1,j)</code> returns a prefix of <code>s</code> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2503 with length <code>j</code>, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2504 and <code>string.sub(s, -i)</code> returns a suffix of <code>s</code> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2505 with length <code>i</code>. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2506 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2507 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2508 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2509 If, after the translation of negative indices, |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2510 <code>i</code> is less than 1, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2511 it is corrected to 1. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2512 If <code>j</code> is greater than the string length, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2513 it is corrected to that length. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2514 If, after these corrections, |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2515 <code>i</code> is greater than <code>j</code>, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2516 the function returns the empty string. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2517 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2518 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2519 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2520 <h4 heading><a name="String.to_binary" href="#String.to_binary"><code>String.to_binary (s)</code></a></h4> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2521 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2522 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2523 Converts a string to a binary by calling the Java method <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/String.html#getBytes()"><code>String.getBytes</code></a>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2524 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2525 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2526 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2527 <h4 heading><a name="String.to_number" href="#String.to_number"><code>String.to_number (s [, base])</code></a></h4> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2528 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2529 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2530 When called with no <code>base</code>, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2531 <code>to_number</code> tries to convert its argument to a number. |
556
d02f43598ba3
finish String documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
555
diff
changeset
|
2532 If the argument is |
d02f43598ba3
finish String documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
555
diff
changeset
|
2533 a string convertible to a number, |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2534 then <code>to_number</code> returns this number; |
556
d02f43598ba3
finish String documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
555
diff
changeset
|
2535 otherwise, it returns <b>nil</b>. |
d02f43598ba3
finish String documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
555
diff
changeset
|
2536 |
d02f43598ba3
finish String documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
555
diff
changeset
|
2537 The conversion of strings can result in integers or floats. |
d02f43598ba3
finish String documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
555
diff
changeset
|
2538 |
d02f43598ba3
finish String documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
555
diff
changeset
|
2539 |
d02f43598ba3
finish String documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
555
diff
changeset
|
2540 <p> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2541 When called with <code>base</code>, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2542 then <code>s</code> must be a string to be interpreted as |
556
d02f43598ba3
finish String documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
555
diff
changeset
|
2543 an integer numeral in that base. |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2544 In bases above 10, the letter '<code>A</code>' (in either upper or lower case) |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2545 represents 10, '<code>B</code>' represents 11, and so forth, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2546 with '<code>Z</code>' representing 35. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2547 If the string <code>s</code> is not a valid numeral in the given base, |
556
d02f43598ba3
finish String documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
555
diff
changeset
|
2548 the function returns <b>nil</b>. |
d02f43598ba3
finish String documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
555
diff
changeset
|
2549 |
d02f43598ba3
finish String documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
555
diff
changeset
|
2550 |
d02f43598ba3
finish String documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
555
diff
changeset
|
2551 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2552 <h4 heading><a name="String.trim" href="#String.trim"><code>String.trim (s)</code></a></h4> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2553 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2554 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2555 Removes the leading and trailing whitespace by calling the Java method <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/String.html#trim()"><code>String.trim</code></a>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2556 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2557 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2558 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2559 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2560 <h4 heading><a name="String.unicode" href="#String.unicode"><code>String.unicode (s [, i [, j]])</code></a></h4> |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2561 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2562 <p> |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2563 Returns the internal numerical codes of the characters <code>s[i]</code>, |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2564 <code>s[i+1]</code>, ..., <code>s[j]</code>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2565 The default value for <code>i</code> is 1; |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2566 the default value for <code>j</code> is <code>i</code>. |
556
d02f43598ba3
finish String documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
555
diff
changeset
|
2567 These indices are corrected |
562
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2568 following the same rules of function <a href="#String.sub"><code>String.sub</code></a>. |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2569 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2570 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2571 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2572 |
7cc9d4a53d3b
remove SimplyHTML from documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
556
diff
changeset
|
2573 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2574 <h4 heading><a name="String.upper" href="#String.upper"><code>String.upper (s)</code></a></h4> |
556
d02f43598ba3
finish String documentation
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
555
diff
changeset
|
2575 <p> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2576 Receives a string and returns a copy of this string with all |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2577 lowercase letters changed to uppercase. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2578 All other characters are left unchanged. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2579 The definition of what a lowercase letter is depends on the current locale. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2580 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2581 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2582 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2583 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2584 |
567 | 2585 <h3 heading><a name="binary_lib">Binary Manipulation</a></h3> |
2586 | |
2587 <p> | |
2588 Include this library by: | |
2589 | |
2590 <pre> | |
693
ca169567ce07
module URIs must now include ".luan"
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
685
diff
changeset
|
2591 local Binary = require "luan:Binary.luan" |
567 | 2592 </pre> |
2593 | |
2594 | |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2595 <h4 heading><a name="Binary.binary" href="#Binary.binary"><code>Binary.binary (···)</code></a></h4> |
567 | 2596 |
2597 <p> | |
2598 Receives zero or more bytes (as integers). | |
2599 Returns a binary with length equal to the number of arguments, | |
2600 in which each byte has the internal numerical code equal | |
2601 to its corresponding argument. | |
2602 | |
2603 | |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2604 <h4 heading><a name="Binary.byte" href="#Binary.byte"><code>Binary.byte (b [, i [, j]])</code></a></h4> |
567 | 2605 |
2606 <p> | |
2607 Returns the internal numerical codes of the bytes <code>b[i]</code>, | |
2608 <code>b[i+1]</code>, ..., <code>b[j]</code>. | |
2609 The default value for <code>i</code> is 1; | |
2610 the default value for <code>j</code> is <code>i</code>. | |
2611 These indices are corrected | |
2612 following the same rules of function <a href="#String.sub"><code>String.sub</code></a>. | |
2613 | |
2614 | |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2615 <h4 heading><a name="Binary.to_string" href="#Binary.to_string"><code>Binary.to_string (b)</code></a></h4> |
567 | 2616 <p> |
2617 Converts the binary <code>b</code> to a string using the Java <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/String.html#String(byte[])">String constructor</a>. | |
2618 | |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2619 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2620 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2621 |
565
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2622 <h3 heading><a name="table_lib">Table Manipulation</a></h3> |
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2623 |
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2624 <p> |
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2625 Include this library by: |
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2626 |
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2627 <pre> |
693
ca169567ce07
module URIs must now include ".luan"
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
685
diff
changeset
|
2628 local Table = require "luan:Table.luan" |
565
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2629 </pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2630 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2631 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2632 This library provides generic functions for table manipulation. |
565
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2633 It provides all its functions inside the table <code>Table</code>. |
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2634 |
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2635 |
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2636 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2637 <h4 heading><a name="Table.clear" href="#Table.clear"><code>Table.clear (tbl)</code></a></h4> |
580 | 2638 |
2639 <p> | |
2640 Clears the table. | |
2641 | |
2642 | |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2643 <h4 heading><a name="Table.concat" href="#Table.concat"><code>Table.concat (list [, sep [, i [, j]]])</code></a></h4> |
565
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2644 |
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2645 <p> |
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2646 Given a list, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2647 returns the string <code>list[i]..sep..list[i+1] ··· sep..list[j]</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2648 The default value for <code>sep</code> is the empty string, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2649 the default for <code>i</code> is 1, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2650 and the default for <code>j</code> is <code>#list</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2651 If <code>i</code> is greater than <code>j</code>, returns the empty string. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2652 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2653 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2654 <h4 heading><a name="Table.copy" href="#Table.copy"><code>Table.copy (tbl [, i [, j]])</code></a></h4> |
565
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2655 |
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2656 <p> |
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2657 If <code>i</code> is <code>nil</code>, returns a shallow copy of <code>tbl</code>. |
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2658 Otherwise returns a new table which is a list of the elements <code>tbl[i] ··· tbl[j]</code>. |
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2659 By default, <code>j</code> is <code>#tbl</code>. |
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2660 |
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2661 |
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2662 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2663 <h4 heading><a name="Table.insert" href="#Table.insert"><code>Table.insert (list, pos, value)</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2664 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2665 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2666 Inserts element <code>value</code> at position <code>pos</code> in <code>list</code>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2667 shifting up the elements |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2668 <code>list[pos], list[pos+1], ···, list[#list]</code>. |
565
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2669 |
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2670 |
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2671 |
1100
ad6b3b9fef40
add Table.is_empty() and Table.size()
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
1092
diff
changeset
|
2672 <h4 heading><a name="Table.is_empty" href="#Table.is_empty"><code>Table.is_empty (tbl)</code></a></h4> |
ad6b3b9fef40
add Table.is_empty() and Table.size()
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
1092
diff
changeset
|
2673 |
ad6b3b9fef40
add Table.is_empty() and Table.size()
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
1092
diff
changeset
|
2674 |
ad6b3b9fef40
add Table.is_empty() and Table.size()
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
1092
diff
changeset
|
2675 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2676 <h4 heading><a name="Table.pack" href="#Table.pack"><code>Table.pack (···)</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2677 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2678 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2679 Returns a new table with all parameters stored into keys 1, 2, etc. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2680 and with a field "<code>n</code>" with the total number of parameters. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2681 Note that the resulting table may not be a sequence. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2682 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2683 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2684 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2685 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2686 <h4 heading><a name="Table.remove" href="#Table.remove"><code>Table.remove (list, pos)</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2687 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2688 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2689 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2690 Removes from <code>list</code> the element at position <code>pos</code>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2691 returning the value of the removed element. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2692 When <code>pos</code> is an integer between 1 and <code>#list</code>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2693 it shifts down the elements |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2694 <code>list[pos+1], list[pos+2], ···, list[#list]</code> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2695 and erases element <code>list[#list]</code>; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2696 The index <code>pos</code> can also be 0 when <code>#list</code> is 0, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2697 or <code>#list + 1</code>; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2698 in those cases, the function erases the element <code>list[pos]</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2699 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2700 |
565
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2701 |
1100
ad6b3b9fef40
add Table.is_empty() and Table.size()
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
1092
diff
changeset
|
2702 <h4 heading><a name="Table.size" href="#Table.size"><code>Table.size (tbl)</code></a></h4> |
ad6b3b9fef40
add Table.is_empty() and Table.size()
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
1092
diff
changeset
|
2703 |
ad6b3b9fef40
add Table.is_empty() and Table.size()
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
1092
diff
changeset
|
2704 |
565
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2705 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2706 <h4 heading><a name="Table.sort" href="#Table.sort"><code>Table.sort (list [, comp])</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2707 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2708 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2709 Sorts list elements in a given order, <em>in-place</em>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2710 from <code>list[1]</code> to <code>list[#list]</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2711 If <code>comp</code> is given, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2712 then it must be a function that receives two list elements |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2713 and returns true when the first element must come |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2714 before the second in the final order |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2715 (so that <code>not comp(list[i+1],list[i])</code> will be true after the sort). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2716 If <code>comp</code> is not given, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2717 then the standard Lua operator <code><</code> is used instead. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2718 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2719 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2720 The sort algorithm is not stable; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2721 that is, elements considered equal by the given order |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2722 may have their relative positions changed by the sort. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2723 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2724 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2725 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2726 <h4 heading><a name="Table.unpack" href="#Table.unpack"><code>Table.unpack (list [, i [, j]])</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2727 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2728 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2729 Returns the elements from the given list. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2730 This function is equivalent to |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2731 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2732 <pre> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2733 return list[i], list[i+1], ···, list[j] |
565
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2734 </pre> |
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2735 |
22bfd8a2eaee
do Table documentation;
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
562
diff
changeset
|
2736 <p> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2737 By default, <code>i</code> is 1 and <code>j</code> is <code>#list</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2738 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2739 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2740 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2741 |
566
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2742 <h3 heading><a name="number_lib">Number Manipulation</a></h3> |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2743 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2744 <p> |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2745 Include this library by: |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2746 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2747 <pre> |
693
ca169567ce07
module URIs must now include ".luan"
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
685
diff
changeset
|
2748 local Number = require "luan:Number.luan" |
566
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2749 </pre> |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2750 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2751 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2752 <h4 heading><a name="Number.double" href="#Number.double"><code>Number.double (x)</code></a></h4> |
566
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2753 <p> |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2754 Returns <code>x</code> as a double. |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2755 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2756 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2757 <h4 heading><a name="Number.integer" href="#Number.integer"><code>Number.integer (x)</code></a></h4> |
566
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2758 <p> |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2759 If the value <code>x</code> is convertible to an integer, |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2760 returns that integer. |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2761 Otherwise throws an error. |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2762 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2763 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2764 <h4 heading><a name="Number.long" href="#Number.long"><code>Number.long (x)</code></a></h4> |
566
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2765 <p> |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2766 If the value <code>x</code> is convertible to an long, |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2767 returns that long. |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2768 Otherwise throws an error. |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2769 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2770 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2771 <h4 heading><a name="Number.long_to_string" href="#Number.long_to_string"><code>Number.long_to_string (i, radix)</code></a></h4> |
566
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2772 <p> |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2773 Converts long value <code>i</code> to a string by calling <code><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Long.html#toString(long,%20int)">Long.toString</a></code>. |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2774 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2775 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2776 <h4 heading><a name="Number.type" href="#Number.type"><code>Number.type (x)</code></a></h4> |
566
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2777 <p> |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2778 Returns a string for the numeric type of <code>x</code>. Possible return values include "<code>integer</code>", "<code>long</code>", "<code>double</code>", and "<code>float</code>". |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2779 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2780 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2781 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2782 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2783 <h3 heading><a name="math_lib">Mathematical Functions</a></h3> |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2784 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2785 <p> |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2786 Include this library by: |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2787 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2788 <pre> |
693
ca169567ce07
module URIs must now include ".luan"
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
685
diff
changeset
|
2789 local Math = require "luan:Math.luan" |
566
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2790 </pre> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2791 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2792 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2793 This library provides basic mathematical functions. |
566
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2794 It provides all its functions and constants inside the table <code>Math</code>. |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2795 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2796 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2797 <h4 heading><a name="Math.abs" href="#Math.abs"><code>Math.abs (x)</code></a></h4> |
566
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2798 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2799 <p> |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2800 Returns the absolute value of <code>x</code>. |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2801 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2802 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2803 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2804 <h4 heading><a name="Math.acos" href="#Math.acos"><code>Math.acos (x)</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2805 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2806 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2807 Returns the arc cosine of <code>x</code> (in radians). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2808 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2809 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2810 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2811 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2812 <h4 heading><a name="Math.asin" href="#Math.asin"><code>Math.asin (x)</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2813 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2814 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2815 Returns the arc sine of <code>x</code> (in radians). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2816 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2817 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2818 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2819 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2820 <h4 heading><a name="Math.atan" href="#Math.atan"><code>Math.atan (y, x)</code></a></h4> |
566
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2821 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2822 <p> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2823 Returns the arc tangent of <code>y/x</code> (in radians), |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2824 but uses the signs of both parameters to find the |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2825 quadrant of the result. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2826 (It also handles correctly the case of <code>x</code> being zero.) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2827 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2828 |
566
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2829 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2830 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2831 <h4 heading><a name="Math.ceil" href="#Math.ceil"><code>Math.ceil (x)</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2832 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2833 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2834 Returns the smallest integral value larger than or equal to <code>x</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2835 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2836 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2837 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2838 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2839 <h4 heading><a name="Math.cos" href="#Math.cos"><code>Math.cos (x)</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2840 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2841 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2842 Returns the cosine of <code>x</code> (assumed to be in radians). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2843 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2844 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2845 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2846 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2847 <h4 heading><a name="Math.deg" href="#Math.deg"><code>Math.deg (x)</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2848 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2849 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2850 Converts the angle <code>x</code> from radians to degrees. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2851 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2852 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2853 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2854 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2855 <h4 heading><a name="Math.exp" href="#Math.exp"><code>Math.exp (x)</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2856 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2857 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2858 Returns the value <em>e<sup>x</sup></em> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2859 (where <code>e</code> is the base of natural logarithms). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2860 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2861 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2862 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2863 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2864 <h4 heading><a name="Math.floor" href="#Math.floor"><code>Math.floor (x)</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2865 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2866 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2867 Returns the largest integral value smaller than or equal to <code>x</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2868 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2869 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2870 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2871 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2872 <h4 heading><a name="Math.fmod" href="#Math.fmod"><code>Math.fmod (x, y)</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2873 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2874 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2875 Returns the remainder of the division of <code>x</code> by <code>y</code> |
566
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2876 that rounds the quotient towards zero. |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2877 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2878 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2879 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2880 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2881 <h4 heading><a name="Math.huge" href="#Math.huge"><code>Math.huge</code></a></h4> |
566
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2882 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2883 <p> |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2884 A value larger than any other numerical value. |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2885 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2886 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2887 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2888 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2889 <h4 heading><a name="Math.log" href="#Math.log"><code>Math.log (x [, base])</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2890 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2891 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2892 Returns the logarithm of <code>x</code> in the given base. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2893 The default for <code>base</code> is <em>e</em> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2894 (so that the function returns the natural logarithm of <code>x</code>). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2895 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2896 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2897 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2898 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2899 <h4 heading><a name="Math.max" href="#Math.max"><code>Math.max (x, ···)</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2900 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2901 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2902 Returns the argument with the maximum value, |
566
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2903 according to the Lua operator <code><</code>. |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2904 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2905 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2906 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2907 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2908 <h4 heading><a name="Math.max_integer" href="#Math.max_integer"><code>Math.max_integer</code></a></h4> |
566
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2909 <p> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2910 An integer with the maximum value for an integer. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2911 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2912 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2913 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2914 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2915 <h4 heading><a name="Math.min" href="#Math.min"><code>Math.min (x, ···)</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2916 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2917 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2918 Returns the argument with the minimum value, |
566
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2919 according to the Lua operator <code><</code>. |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2920 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2921 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2922 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2923 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2924 <h4 heading><a name="Math.min_integer" href="#Math.min_integer"><code>Math.min_integer</code></a></h4> |
566
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2925 <p> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2926 An integer with the minimum value for an integer. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2927 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2928 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2929 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2930 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2931 <h4 heading><a name="Math.modf" href="#Math.modf"><code>Math.modf (x)</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2932 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2933 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2934 Returns the integral part of <code>x</code> and the fractional part of <code>x</code>. |
566
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2935 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2936 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2937 |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2938 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2939 <h4 heading><a name="Math.pi" href="#Math.pi"><code>Math.pi</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2940 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2941 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2942 The value of <em>π</em>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2943 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2944 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2945 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2946 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2947 <h4 heading><a name="Math.rad" href="#Math.rad"><code>Math.rad (x)</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2948 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2949 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2950 Converts the angle <code>x</code> from degrees to radians. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2951 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2952 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2953 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2954 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2955 <h4 heading><a name="Math.random" href="#Math.random"><code>Math.random ([m [, n])</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2956 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2957 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2958 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2959 When called without arguments, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2960 returns a pseudo-random float with uniform distribution |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2961 in the range <em>[0,1)</em>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2962 When called with two integers <code>m</code> and <code>n</code>, |
566
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2963 <code>Math.random</code> returns a pseudo-random integer |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2964 with uniform distribution in the range <em>[m, n]</em>. |
566
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2965 (The value <em>m-n</em> cannot be negative and must fit in a Luan integer.) |
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2966 The call <code>Math.random(n)</code> is equivalent to <code>Math.random(1,n)</code>. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2967 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2968 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2969 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2970 This function is an interface to the underling |
566
90b93790c544
Number and Math documentation and minor changes
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
565
diff
changeset
|
2971 pseudo-random generator function provided by Java. |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2972 No guarantees can be given for its statistical properties. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2973 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2974 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2975 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2976 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2977 <h4 heading><a name="Math.sin" href="#Math.sin"><code>Math.sin (x)</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2978 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2979 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2980 Returns the sine of <code>x</code> (assumed to be in radians). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2981 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2982 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2983 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2984 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2985 <h4 heading><a name="Math.sqrt" href="#Math.sqrt"><code>Math.sqrt (x)</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2986 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2987 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2988 Returns the square root of <code>x</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2989 (You can also use the expression <code>x^0.5</code> to compute this value.) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2990 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2991 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2992 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2993 |
642
c4216a583de4
add links to functions in manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
629
diff
changeset
|
2994 <h4 heading><a name="Math.tan" href="#Math.tan"><code>Math.tan (x)</code></a></h4> |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2995 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2996 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2997 Returns the tangent of <code>x</code> (assumed to be in radians). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2998 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2999 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3000 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3001 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3002 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3003 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3004 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3005 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3006 <h2>6.8 – <a name="6.8">Input and Output Facilities</a></h2> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3007 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3008 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3009 The I/O library provides two different styles for file manipulation. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3010 The first one uses implicit file handles; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3011 that is, there are operations to set a default input file and a |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3012 default output file, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3013 and all input/output operations are over these default files. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3014 The second style uses explicit file handles. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3015 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3016 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3017 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3018 When using implicit file handles, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3019 all operations are supplied by table <a name="pdf-io"><code>io</code></a>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3020 When using explicit file handles, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3021 the operation <a href="#pdf-io.open"><code>io.open</code></a> returns a file handle |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3022 and then all operations are supplied as methods of the file handle. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3023 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3024 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3025 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3026 The table <code>io</code> also provides |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3027 three predefined file handles with their usual meanings from C: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3028 <a name="pdf-io.stdin"><code>io.stdin</code></a>, <a name="pdf-io.stdout"><code>io.stdout</code></a>, and <a name="pdf-io.stderr"><code>io.stderr</code></a>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3029 The I/O library never closes these files. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3030 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3031 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3032 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3033 Unless otherwise stated, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3034 all I/O functions return <b>nil</b> on failure |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3035 (plus an error message as a second result and |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3036 a system-dependent error code as a third result) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3037 and some value different from <b>nil</b> on success. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3038 On non-POSIX systems, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3039 the computation of the error message and error code |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3040 in case of errors |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3041 may be not thread safe, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3042 because they rely on the global C variable <code>errno</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3043 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3044 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3045 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3046 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.close"><code>io.close ([file])</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3047 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3048 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3049 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3050 Equivalent to <code>file:close()</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3051 Without a <code>file</code>, closes the default output file. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3052 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3053 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3054 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3055 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3056 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3057 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.flush"><code>io.flush ()</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3058 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3059 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3060 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3061 Equivalent to <code>io.output():flush()</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3062 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3063 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3064 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3065 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3066 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3067 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.input"><code>io.input ([file])</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3068 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3069 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3070 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3071 When called with a file name, it opens the named file (in text mode), |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3072 and sets its handle as the default input file. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3073 When called with a file handle, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3074 it simply sets this file handle as the default input file. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3075 When called without parameters, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3076 it returns the current default input file. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3077 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3078 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3079 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3080 In case of errors this function raises the error, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3081 instead of returning an error code. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3082 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3083 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3084 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3085 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3086 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3087 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.lines"><code>io.lines ([filename ···])</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3088 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3089 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3090 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3091 Opens the given file name in read mode |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3092 and returns an iterator function that |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3093 works like <code>file:lines(···)</code> over the opened file. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3094 When the iterator function detects the end of file, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3095 it returns no values (to finish the loop) and automatically closes the file. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3096 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3097 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3098 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3099 The call <code>io.lines()</code> (with no file name) is equivalent |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3100 to <code>io.input():lines("*l")</code>; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3101 that is, it iterates over the lines of the default input file. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3102 In this case it does not close the file when the loop ends. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3103 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3104 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3105 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3106 In case of errors this function raises the error, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3107 instead of returning an error code. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3108 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3109 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3110 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3111 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3112 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3113 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.open"><code>io.open (filename [, mode])</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3114 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3115 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3116 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3117 This function opens a file, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3118 in the mode specified in the string <code>mode</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3119 It returns a new file handle, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3120 or, in case of errors, <b>nil</b> plus an error message. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3121 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3122 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3123 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3124 The <code>mode</code> string can be any of the following: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3125 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3126 <ul> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3127 <li><b>"<code>r</code>": </b> read mode (the default);</li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3128 <li><b>"<code>w</code>": </b> write mode;</li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3129 <li><b>"<code>a</code>": </b> append mode;</li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3130 <li><b>"<code>r+</code>": </b> update mode, all previous data is preserved;</li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3131 <li><b>"<code>w+</code>": </b> update mode, all previous data is erased;</li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3132 <li><b>"<code>a+</code>": </b> append update mode, previous data is preserved, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3133 writing is only allowed at the end of file.</li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3134 </ul><p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3135 The <code>mode</code> string can also have a '<code>b</code>' at the end, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3136 which is needed in some systems to open the file in binary mode. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3137 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3138 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3139 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3140 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3141 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3142 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.output"><code>io.output ([file])</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3143 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3144 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3145 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3146 Similar to <a href="#pdf-io.input"><code>io.input</code></a>, but operates over the default output file. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3147 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3148 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3149 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3150 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3151 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3152 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.popen"><code>io.popen (prog [, mode])</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3153 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3154 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3155 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3156 This function is system dependent and is not available |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3157 on all platforms. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3158 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3159 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3160 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3161 Starts program <code>prog</code> in a separated process and returns |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3162 a file handle that you can use to read data from this program |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3163 (if <code>mode</code> is <code>"r"</code>, the default) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3164 or to write data to this program |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3165 (if <code>mode</code> is <code>"w"</code>). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3166 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3167 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3168 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3169 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3170 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3171 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.read"><code>io.read (···)</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3172 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3173 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3174 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3175 Equivalent to <code>io.input():read(···)</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3176 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3177 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3178 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3179 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3180 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3181 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.tmpfile"><code>io.tmpfile ()</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3182 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3183 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3184 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3185 Returns a handle for a temporary file. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3186 This file is opened in update mode |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3187 and it is automatically removed when the program ends. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3188 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3189 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3190 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3191 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3192 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3193 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.type"><code>io.type (obj)</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3194 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3195 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3196 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3197 Checks whether <code>obj</code> is a valid file handle. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3198 Returns the string <code>"file"</code> if <code>obj</code> is an open file handle, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3199 <code>"closed file"</code> if <code>obj</code> is a closed file handle, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3200 or <b>nil</b> if <code>obj</code> is not a file handle. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3201 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3202 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3203 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3204 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3205 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3206 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.write"><code>io.write (···)</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3207 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3208 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3209 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3210 Equivalent to <code>io.output():write(···)</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3211 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3212 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3213 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3214 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3215 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3216 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:close"><code>file:close ()</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3217 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3218 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3219 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3220 Closes <code>file</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3221 Note that files are automatically closed when |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3222 their handles are garbage collected, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3223 but that takes an unpredictable amount of time to happen. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3224 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3225 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3226 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3227 When closing a file handle created with <a href="#pdf-io.popen"><code>io.popen</code></a>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3228 <a href="#pdf-file:close"><code>file:close</code></a> returns the same values |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3229 returned by <a href="#pdf-os.execute"><code>os.execute</code></a>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3230 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3231 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3232 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3233 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3234 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3235 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:flush"><code>file:flush ()</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3236 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3237 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3238 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3239 Saves any written data to <code>file</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3240 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3241 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3242 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3243 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3244 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3245 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:lines"><code>file:lines (···)</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3246 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3247 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3248 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3249 Returns an iterator function that, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3250 each time it is called, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3251 reads the file according to the given formats. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3252 When no format is given, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3253 uses "<code>l</code>" as a default. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3254 As an example, the construction |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3255 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3256 <pre> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3257 for c in file:lines(1) do <em>body</em> end |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3258 </pre><p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3259 will iterate over all characters of the file, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3260 starting at the current position. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3261 Unlike <a href="#pdf-io.lines"><code>io.lines</code></a>, this function does not close the file |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3262 when the loop ends. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3263 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3264 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3265 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3266 In case of errors this function raises the error, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3267 instead of returning an error code. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3268 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3269 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3270 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3271 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3272 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3273 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:read"><code>file:read (···)</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3274 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3275 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3276 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3277 Reads the file <code>file</code>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3278 according to the given formats, which specify what to read. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3279 For each format, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3280 the function returns a string or a number with the characters read, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3281 or <b>nil</b> if it cannot read data with the specified format. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3282 (In this latter case, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3283 the function does not read subsequent formats.) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3284 When called without formats, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3285 it uses a default format that reads the next line |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3286 (see below). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3287 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3288 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3289 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3290 The available formats are |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3291 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3292 <ul> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3293 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3294 <li><b>"<code>n</code>": </b> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3295 reads a numeral and returns it as a float or an integer, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3296 following the lexical conventions of Lua. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3297 (The numeral may have leading spaces and a sign.) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3298 This format always reads the longest input sequence that |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3299 is a valid prefix for a number; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3300 if that prefix does not form a valid number |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3301 (e.g., an empty string, "<code>0x</code>", or "<code>3.4e-</code>"), |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3302 it is discarded and the function returns <b>nil</b>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3303 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3304 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3305 <li><b>"<code>i</code>": </b> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3306 reads an integral number and returns it as an integer. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3307 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3308 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3309 <li><b>"<code>a</code>": </b> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3310 reads the whole file, starting at the current position. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3311 On end of file, it returns the empty string. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3312 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3313 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3314 <li><b>"<code>l</code>": </b> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3315 reads the next line skipping the end of line, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3316 returning <b>nil</b> on end of file. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3317 This is the default format. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3318 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3319 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3320 <li><b>"<code>L</code>": </b> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3321 reads the next line keeping the end-of-line character (if present), |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3322 returning <b>nil</b> on end of file. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3323 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3324 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3325 <li><b><em>number</em>: </b> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3326 reads a string with up to this number of bytes, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3327 returning <b>nil</b> on end of file. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3328 If <code>number</code> is zero, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3329 it reads nothing and returns an empty string, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3330 or <b>nil</b> on end of file. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3331 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3332 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3333 </ul><p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3334 The formats "<code>l</code>" and "<code>L</code>" should be used only for text files. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3335 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3336 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3337 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3338 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3339 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3340 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:seek"><code>file:seek ([whence [, offset]])</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3341 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3342 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3343 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3344 Sets and gets the file position, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3345 measured from the beginning of the file, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3346 to the position given by <code>offset</code> plus a base |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3347 specified by the string <code>whence</code>, as follows: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3348 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3349 <ul> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3350 <li><b>"<code>set</code>": </b> base is position 0 (beginning of the file);</li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3351 <li><b>"<code>cur</code>": </b> base is current position;</li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3352 <li><b>"<code>end</code>": </b> base is end of file;</li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3353 </ul><p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3354 In case of success, <code>seek</code> returns the final file position, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3355 measured in bytes from the beginning of the file. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3356 If <code>seek</code> fails, it returns <b>nil</b>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3357 plus a string describing the error. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3358 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3359 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3360 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3361 The default value for <code>whence</code> is <code>"cur"</code>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3362 and for <code>offset</code> is 0. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3363 Therefore, the call <code>file:seek()</code> returns the current |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3364 file position, without changing it; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3365 the call <code>file:seek("set")</code> sets the position to the |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3366 beginning of the file (and returns 0); |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3367 and the call <code>file:seek("end")</code> sets the position to the |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3368 end of the file, and returns its size. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3369 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3370 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3371 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3372 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3373 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3374 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:setvbuf"><code>file:setvbuf (mode [, size])</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3375 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3376 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3377 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3378 Sets the buffering mode for an output file. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3379 There are three available modes: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3380 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3381 <ul> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3382 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3383 <li><b>"<code>no</code>": </b> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3384 no buffering; the result of any output operation appears immediately. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3385 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3386 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3387 <li><b>"<code>full</code>": </b> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3388 full buffering; output operation is performed only |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3389 when the buffer is full or when |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3390 you explicitly <code>flush</code> the file (see <a href="#pdf-io.flush"><code>io.flush</code></a>). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3391 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3392 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3393 <li><b>"<code>line</code>": </b> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3394 line buffering; output is buffered until a newline is output |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3395 or there is any input from some special files |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3396 (such as a terminal device). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3397 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3398 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3399 </ul><p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3400 For the last two cases, <code>size</code> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3401 specifies the size of the buffer, in bytes. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3402 The default is an appropriate size. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3403 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3404 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3405 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3406 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3407 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3408 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:write"><code>file:write (···)</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3409 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3410 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3411 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3412 Writes the value of each of its arguments to <code>file</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3413 The arguments must be strings or numbers. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3414 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3415 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3416 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3417 In case of success, this function returns <code>file</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3418 Otherwise it returns <b>nil</b> plus a string describing the error. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3419 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3420 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3421 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3422 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3423 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3424 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3425 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3426 <h2>6.9 – <a name="6.9">Operating System Facilities</a></h2> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3427 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3428 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3429 This library is implemented through table <a name="pdf-os"><code>os</code></a>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3430 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3431 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3432 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3433 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.clock"><code>os.clock ()</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3434 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3435 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3436 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3437 Returns an approximation of the amount in seconds of CPU time |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3438 used by the program. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3439 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3440 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3441 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3442 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3443 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3444 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.date"><code>os.date ([format [, time]])</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3445 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3446 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3447 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3448 Returns a string or a table containing date and time, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3449 formatted according to the given string <code>format</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3450 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3451 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3452 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3453 If the <code>time</code> argument is present, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3454 this is the time to be formatted |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3455 (see the <a href="#pdf-os.time"><code>os.time</code></a> function for a description of this value). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3456 Otherwise, <code>date</code> formats the current time. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3457 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3458 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3459 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3460 If <code>format</code> starts with '<code>!</code>', |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3461 then the date is formatted in Coordinated Universal Time. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3462 After this optional character, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3463 if <code>format</code> is the string "<code>*t</code>", |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3464 then <code>date</code> returns a table with the following fields: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3465 <code>year</code> (four digits), <code>month</code> (1–12), <code>day</code> (1–31), |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3466 <code>hour</code> (0–23), <code>min</code> (0–59), <code>sec</code> (0–61), |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3467 <code>wday</code> (weekday, Sunday is 1), |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3468 <code>yday</code> (day of the year), |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3469 and <code>isdst</code> (daylight saving flag, a boolean). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3470 This last field may be absent |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3471 if the information is not available. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3472 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3473 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3474 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3475 If <code>format</code> is not "<code>*t</code>", |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3476 then <code>date</code> returns the date as a string, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3477 formatted according to the same rules as the ISO C function <code>strftime</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3478 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3479 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3480 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3481 When called without arguments, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3482 <code>date</code> returns a reasonable date and time representation that depends on |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3483 the host system and on the current locale |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3484 (that is, <code>os.date()</code> is equivalent to <code>os.date("%c")</code>). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3485 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3486 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3487 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3488 On non-POSIX systems, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3489 this function may be not thread safe |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3490 because of its reliance on C function <code>gmtime</code> and C function <code>localtime</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3491 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3492 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3493 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3494 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3495 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3496 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.difftime"><code>os.difftime (t2, t1)</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3497 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3498 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3499 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3500 Returns the difference, in seconds, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3501 from time <code>t1</code> to time <code>t2</code> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3502 (where the times are values returned by <a href="#pdf-os.time"><code>os.time</code></a>). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3503 In POSIX, Windows, and some other systems, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3504 this value is exactly <code>t2</code><em>-</em><code>t1</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3505 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3506 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3507 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3508 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3509 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3510 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.execute"><code>os.execute ([command])</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3511 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3512 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3513 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3514 This function is equivalent to the ISO C function <code>system</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3515 It passes <code>command</code> to be executed by an operating system shell. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3516 Its first result is <b>true</b> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3517 if the command terminated successfully, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3518 or <b>nil</b> otherwise. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3519 After this first result |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3520 the function returns a string plus a number, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3521 as follows: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3522 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3523 <ul> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3524 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3525 <li><b>"<code>exit</code>": </b> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3526 the command terminated normally; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3527 the following number is the exit status of the command. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3528 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3529 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3530 <li><b>"<code>signal</code>": </b> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3531 the command was terminated by a signal; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3532 the following number is the signal that terminated the command. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3533 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3534 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3535 </ul> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3536 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3537 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3538 When called without a <code>command</code>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3539 <code>os.execute</code> returns a boolean that is true if a shell is available. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3540 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3541 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3542 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3543 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3544 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3545 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.exit"><code>os.exit ([code [, close]])</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3546 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3547 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3548 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3549 Calls the ISO C function <code>exit</code> to terminate the host program. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3550 If <code>code</code> is <b>true</b>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3551 the returned status is <code>EXIT_SUCCESS</code>; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3552 if <code>code</code> is <b>false</b>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3553 the returned status is <code>EXIT_FAILURE</code>; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3554 if <code>code</code> is a number, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3555 the returned status is this number. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3556 The default value for <code>code</code> is <b>true</b>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3557 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3558 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3559 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3560 If the optional second argument <code>close</code> is true, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3561 closes the Lua state before exiting. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3562 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3563 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3564 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3565 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3566 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3567 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.getenv"><code>os.getenv (varname)</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3568 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3569 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3570 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3571 Returns the value of the process environment variable <code>varname</code>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3572 or <b>nil</b> if the variable is not defined. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3573 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3574 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3575 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3576 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3577 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3578 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.remove"><code>os.remove (filename)</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3579 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3580 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3581 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3582 Deletes the file (or empty directory, on POSIX systems) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3583 with the given name. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3584 If this function fails, it returns <b>nil</b>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3585 plus a string describing the error and the error code. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3586 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3587 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3588 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3589 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3590 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3591 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.rename"><code>os.rename (oldname, newname)</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3592 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3593 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3594 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3595 Renames file or directory named <code>oldname</code> to <code>newname</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3596 If this function fails, it returns <b>nil</b>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3597 plus a string describing the error and the error code. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3598 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3599 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3600 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3601 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3602 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3603 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.setlocale"><code>os.setlocale (locale [, category])</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3604 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3605 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3606 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3607 Sets the current locale of the program. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3608 <code>locale</code> is a system-dependent string specifying a locale; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3609 <code>category</code> is an optional string describing which category to change: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3610 <code>"all"</code>, <code>"collate"</code>, <code>"ctype"</code>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3611 <code>"monetary"</code>, <code>"numeric"</code>, or <code>"time"</code>; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3612 the default category is <code>"all"</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3613 The function returns the name of the new locale, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3614 or <b>nil</b> if the request cannot be honored. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3615 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3616 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3617 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3618 If <code>locale</code> is the empty string, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3619 the current locale is set to an implementation-defined native locale. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3620 If <code>locale</code> is the string "<code>C</code>", |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3621 the current locale is set to the standard C locale. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3622 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3623 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3624 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3625 When called with <b>nil</b> as the first argument, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3626 this function only returns the name of the current locale |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3627 for the given category. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3628 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3629 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3630 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3631 This function may be not thread safe |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3632 because of its reliance on C function <code>setlocale</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3633 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3634 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3635 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3636 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3637 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3638 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.time"><code>os.time ([table])</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3639 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3640 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3641 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3642 Returns the current time when called without arguments, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3643 or a time representing the date and time specified by the given table. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3644 This table must have fields <code>year</code>, <code>month</code>, and <code>day</code>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3645 and may have fields |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3646 <code>hour</code> (default is 12), |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3647 <code>min</code> (default is 0), |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3648 <code>sec</code> (default is 0), |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3649 and <code>isdst</code> (default is <b>nil</b>). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3650 For a description of these fields, see the <a href="#pdf-os.date"><code>os.date</code></a> function. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3651 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3652 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3653 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3654 The returned value is a number, whose meaning depends on your system. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3655 In POSIX, Windows, and some other systems, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3656 this number counts the number |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3657 of seconds since some given start time (the "epoch"). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3658 In other systems, the meaning is not specified, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3659 and the number returned by <code>time</code> can be used only as an argument to |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3660 <a href="#pdf-os.date"><code>os.date</code></a> and <a href="#pdf-os.difftime"><code>os.difftime</code></a>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3661 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3662 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3663 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3664 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3665 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3666 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.tmpname"><code>os.tmpname ()</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3667 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3668 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3669 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3670 Returns a string with a file name that can |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3671 be used for a temporary file. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3672 The file must be explicitly opened before its use |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3673 and explicitly removed when no longer needed. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3674 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3675 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3676 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3677 On POSIX systems, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3678 this function also creates a file with that name, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3679 to avoid security risks. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3680 (Someone else might create the file with wrong permissions |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3681 in the time between getting the name and creating the file.) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3682 You still have to open the file to use it |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3683 and to remove it (even if you do not use it). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3684 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3685 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3686 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3687 When possible, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3688 you may prefer to use <a href="#pdf-io.tmpfile"><code>io.tmpfile</code></a>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3689 which automatically removes the file when the program ends. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3690 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3691 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3692 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3693 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3694 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3695 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3696 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3697 <h2>6.10 – <a name="6.10">The Debug Library</a></h2> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3698 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3699 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3700 This library provides |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3701 the functionality of the debug interface (<a href="#4.9">§4.9</a>) to Lua programs. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3702 You should exert care when using this library. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3703 Several of its functions |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3704 violate basic assumptions about Lua code |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3705 (e.g., that variables local to a function |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3706 cannot be accessed from outside; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3707 that userdata metatables cannot be changed by Lua code; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3708 that Lua programs do not crash) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3709 and therefore can compromise otherwise secure code. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3710 Moreover, some functions in this library may be slow. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3711 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3712 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3713 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3714 All functions in this library are provided |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3715 inside the <a name="pdf-debug"><code>debug</code></a> table. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3716 All functions that operate over a thread |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3717 have an optional first argument which is the |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3718 thread to operate over. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3719 The default is always the current thread. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3720 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3721 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3722 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3723 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.debug"><code>debug.debug ()</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3724 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3725 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3726 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3727 Enters an interactive mode with the user, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3728 running each string that the user enters. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3729 Using simple commands and other debug facilities, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3730 the user can inspect global and local variables, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3731 change their values, evaluate expressions, and so on. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3732 A line containing only the word <code>cont</code> finishes this function, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3733 so that the caller continues its execution. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3734 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3735 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3736 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3737 Note that commands for <code>debug.debug</code> are not lexically nested |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3738 within any function and so have no direct access to local variables. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3739 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3740 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3741 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3742 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3743 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3744 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.gethook"><code>debug.gethook ([thread])</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3745 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3746 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3747 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3748 Returns the current hook settings of the thread, as three values: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3749 the current hook function, the current hook mask, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3750 and the current hook count |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3751 (as set by the <a href="#pdf-debug.sethook"><code>debug.sethook</code></a> function). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3752 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3753 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3754 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3755 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3756 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3757 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getinfo"><code>debug.getinfo ([thread,] f [, what])</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3758 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3759 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3760 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3761 Returns a table with information about a function. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3762 You can give the function directly |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3763 or you can give a number as the value of <code>f</code>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3764 which means the function running at level <code>f</code> of the call stack |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3765 of the given thread: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3766 level 0 is the current function (<code>getinfo</code> itself); |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3767 level 1 is the function that called <code>getinfo</code> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3768 (except for tail calls, which do not count on the stack); |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3769 and so on. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3770 If <code>f</code> is a number larger than the number of active functions, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3771 then <code>getinfo</code> returns <b>nil</b>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3772 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3773 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3774 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3775 The returned table can contain all the fields returned by <a href="#lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3776 with the string <code>what</code> describing which fields to fill in. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3777 The default for <code>what</code> is to get all information available, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3778 except the table of valid lines. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3779 If present, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3780 the option '<code>f</code>' |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3781 adds a field named <code>func</code> with the function itself. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3782 If present, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3783 the option '<code>L</code>' |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3784 adds a field named <code>activelines</code> with the table of |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3785 valid lines. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3786 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3787 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3788 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3789 For instance, the expression <code>debug.getinfo(1,"n").name</code> returns |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3790 a table with a name for the current function, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3791 if a reasonable name can be found, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3792 and the expression <code>debug.getinfo(print)</code> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3793 returns a table with all available information |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3794 about the <a href="#pdf-print"><code>print</code></a> function. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3795 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3796 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3797 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3798 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3799 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3800 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getlocal"><code>debug.getlocal ([thread,] f, local)</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3801 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3802 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3803 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3804 This function returns the name and the value of the local variable |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3805 with index <code>local</code> of the function at level <code>f</code> of the stack. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3806 This function accesses not only explicit local variables, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3807 but also parameters, temporaries, etc. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3808 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3809 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3810 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3811 The first parameter or local variable has index 1, and so on, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3812 following the order that they are declared in the code, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3813 counting only the variables that are active |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3814 in the current scope of the function. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3815 Negative indices refer to vararg parameters; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3816 -1 is the first vararg parameter. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3817 The function returns <b>nil</b> if there is no variable with the given index, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3818 and raises an error when called with a level out of range. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3819 (You can call <a href="#pdf-debug.getinfo"><code>debug.getinfo</code></a> to check whether the level is valid.) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3820 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3821 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3822 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3823 Variable names starting with '<code>(</code>' (open parenthesis) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3824 represent variables with no known names |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3825 (internal variables such as loop control variables, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3826 and variables from chunks saved without debug information). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3827 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3828 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3829 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3830 The parameter <code>f</code> may also be a function. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3831 In that case, <code>getlocal</code> returns only the name of function parameters. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3832 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3833 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3834 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3835 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3836 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3837 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getmetatable"><code>debug.getmetatable (value)</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3838 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3839 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3840 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3841 Returns the metatable of the given <code>value</code> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3842 or <b>nil</b> if it does not have a metatable. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3843 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3844 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3845 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3846 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3847 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3848 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getregistry"><code>debug.getregistry ()</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3849 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3850 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3851 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3852 Returns the registry table (see <a href="#4.5">§4.5</a>). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3853 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3854 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3855 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3856 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3857 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3858 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getupvalue"><code>debug.getupvalue (f, up)</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3859 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3860 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3861 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3862 This function returns the name and the value of the upvalue |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3863 with index <code>up</code> of the function <code>f</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3864 The function returns <b>nil</b> if there is no upvalue with the given index. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3865 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3866 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3867 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3868 Variable names starting with '<code>(</code>' (open parenthesis) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3869 represent variables with no known names |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3870 (variables from chunks saved without debug information). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3871 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3872 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3873 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3874 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3875 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3876 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getuservalue"><code>debug.getuservalue (u)</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3877 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3878 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3879 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3880 Returns the Lua value associated to <code>u</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3881 If <code>u</code> is not a userdata, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3882 returns <b>nil</b>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3883 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3884 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3885 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3886 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3887 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3888 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.sethook"><code>debug.sethook ([thread,] hook, mask [, count])</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3889 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3890 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3891 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3892 Sets the given function as a hook. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3893 The string <code>mask</code> and the number <code>count</code> describe |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3894 when the hook will be called. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3895 The string mask may have any combination of the following characters, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3896 with the given meaning: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3897 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3898 <ul> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3899 <li><b>'<code>c</code>': </b> the hook is called every time Lua calls a function;</li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3900 <li><b>'<code>r</code>': </b> the hook is called every time Lua returns from a function;</li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3901 <li><b>'<code>l</code>': </b> the hook is called every time Lua enters a new line of code.</li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3902 </ul><p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3903 Moreover, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3904 with a <code>count</code> different from zero, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3905 the hook is called also after every <code>count</code> instructions. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3906 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3907 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3908 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3909 When called without arguments, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3910 <a href="#pdf-debug.sethook"><code>debug.sethook</code></a> turns off the hook. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3911 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3912 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3913 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3914 When the hook is called, its first parameter is a string |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3915 describing the event that has triggered its call: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3916 <code>"call"</code> (or <code>"tail call"</code>), |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3917 <code>"return"</code>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3918 <code>"line"</code>, and <code>"count"</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3919 For line events, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3920 the hook also gets the new line number as its second parameter. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3921 Inside a hook, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3922 you can call <code>getinfo</code> with level 2 to get more information about |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3923 the running function |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3924 (level 0 is the <code>getinfo</code> function, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3925 and level 1 is the hook function). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3926 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3927 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3928 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3929 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3930 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3931 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setlocal"><code>debug.setlocal ([thread,] level, local, value)</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3932 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3933 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3934 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3935 This function assigns the value <code>value</code> to the local variable |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3936 with index <code>local</code> of the function at level <code>level</code> of the stack. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3937 The function returns <b>nil</b> if there is no local |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3938 variable with the given index, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3939 and raises an error when called with a <code>level</code> out of range. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3940 (You can call <code>getinfo</code> to check whether the level is valid.) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3941 Otherwise, it returns the name of the local variable. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3942 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3943 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3944 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3945 See <a href="#pdf-debug.getlocal"><code>debug.getlocal</code></a> for more information about |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3946 variable indices and names. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3947 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3948 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3949 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3950 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3951 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3952 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setmetatable"><code>debug.setmetatable (value, table)</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3953 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3954 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3955 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3956 Sets the metatable for the given <code>value</code> to the given <code>table</code> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3957 (which can be <b>nil</b>). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3958 Returns <code>value</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3959 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3960 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3961 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3962 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3963 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3964 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setupvalue"><code>debug.setupvalue (f, up, value)</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3965 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3966 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3967 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3968 This function assigns the value <code>value</code> to the upvalue |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3969 with index <code>up</code> of the function <code>f</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3970 The function returns <b>nil</b> if there is no upvalue |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3971 with the given index. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3972 Otherwise, it returns the name of the upvalue. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3973 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3974 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3975 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3976 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3977 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3978 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setuservalue"><code>debug.setuservalue (udata, value)</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3979 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3980 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3981 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3982 Sets the given <code>value</code> as |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3983 the Lua value associated to the given <code>udata</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3984 <code>udata</code> must be a full userdata. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3985 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3986 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3987 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3988 Returns <code>udata</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3989 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3990 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3991 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3992 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3993 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3994 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.traceback"><code>debug.traceback ([thread,] [message [, level]])</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3995 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3996 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3997 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3998 If <code>message</code> is present but is neither a string nor <b>nil</b>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3999 this function returns <code>message</code> without further processing. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4000 Otherwise, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4001 it returns a string with a traceback of the call stack. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4002 The optional <code>message</code> string is appended |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4003 at the beginning of the traceback. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4004 An optional <code>level</code> number tells at which level |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4005 to start the traceback |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4006 (default is 1, the function calling <code>traceback</code>). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4007 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4008 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4009 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4010 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4011 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4012 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.upvalueid"><code>debug.upvalueid (f, n)</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4013 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4014 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4015 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4016 Returns a unique identifier (as a light userdata) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4017 for the upvalue numbered <code>n</code> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4018 from the given function. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4019 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4020 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4021 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4022 These unique identifiers allow a program to check whether different |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4023 closures share upvalues. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4024 Lua closures that share an upvalue |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4025 (that is, that access a same external local variable) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4026 will return identical ids for those upvalue indices. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4027 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4028 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4029 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4030 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4031 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4032 <hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.upvaluejoin"><code>debug.upvaluejoin (f1, n1, f2, n2)</code></a></h3> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4033 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4034 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4035 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4036 Make the <code>n1</code>-th upvalue of the Lua closure <code>f1</code> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4037 refer to the <code>n2</code>-th upvalue of the Lua closure <code>f2</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4038 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4039 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4040 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4041 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4042 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4043 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4044 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4045 <h1>7 – <a name="7">Lua Standalone</a></h1> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4046 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4047 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4048 Although Lua has been designed as an extension language, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4049 to be embedded in a host C program, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4050 it is also frequently used as a standalone language. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4051 An interpreter for Lua as a standalone language, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4052 called simply <code>lua</code>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4053 is provided with the standard distribution. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4054 The standalone interpreter includes |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4055 all standard libraries, including the debug library. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4056 Its usage is: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4057 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4058 <pre> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4059 lua [options] [script [args]] |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4060 </pre><p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4061 The options are: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4062 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4063 <ul> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4064 <li><b><code>-e <em>stat</em></code>: </b> executes string <em>stat</em>;</li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4065 <li><b><code>-l <em>mod</em></code>: </b> "requires" <em>mod</em>;</li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4066 <li><b><code>-i</code>: </b> enters interactive mode after running <em>script</em>;</li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4067 <li><b><code>-v</code>: </b> prints version information;</li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4068 <li><b><code>-E</code>: </b> ignores environment variables;</li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4069 <li><b><code>--</code>: </b> stops handling options;</li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4070 <li><b><code>-</code>: </b> executes <code>stdin</code> as a file and stops handling options.</li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4071 </ul><p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4072 After handling its options, <code>lua</code> runs the given <em>script</em>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4073 When called without arguments, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4074 <code>lua</code> behaves as <code>lua -v -i</code> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4075 when the standard input (<code>stdin</code>) is a terminal, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4076 and as <code>lua -</code> otherwise. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4077 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4078 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4079 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4080 When called without option <code>-E</code>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4081 the interpreter checks for an environment variable <a name="pdf-LUA_INIT_5_3"><code>LUA_INIT_5_3</code></a> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4082 (or <a name="pdf-LUA_INIT"><code>LUA_INIT</code></a> if the versioned name is not defined) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4083 before running any argument. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4084 If the variable content has the format <code>@<em>filename</em></code>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4085 then <code>lua</code> executes the file. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4086 Otherwise, <code>lua</code> executes the string itself. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4087 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4088 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4089 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4090 When called with option <code>-E</code>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4091 besides ignoring <code>LUA_INIT</code>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4092 Lua also ignores |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4093 the values of <code>LUA_PATH</code> and <code>LUA_CPATH</code>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4094 setting the values of |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4095 <a href="#pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a> and <a href="#pdf-package.cpath"><code>package.cpath</code></a> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4096 with the default paths defined in <code>luaconf.h</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4097 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4098 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4099 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4100 All options are handled in order, except <code>-i</code> and <code>-E</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4101 For instance, an invocation like |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4102 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4103 <pre> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4104 $ lua -e'a=1' -e 'print(a)' script.lua |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4105 </pre><p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4106 will first set <code>a</code> to 1, then print the value of <code>a</code>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4107 and finally run the file <code>script.lua</code> with no arguments. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4108 (Here <code>$</code> is the shell prompt. Your prompt may be different.) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4109 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4110 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4111 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4112 Before running any code, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4113 <code>lua</code> collects all command-line arguments |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4114 in a global table called <code>arg</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4115 The script name goes to index 0, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4116 the first argument after the script name goes to index 1, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4117 and so on. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4118 Any arguments before the script name |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4119 (that is, the interpreter name plus its options) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4120 go to negative indices. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4121 For instance, in the call |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4122 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4123 <pre> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4124 $ lua -la b.lua t1 t2 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4125 </pre><p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4126 the table is like this: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4127 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4128 <pre> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4129 arg = { [-2] = "lua", [-1] = "-la", |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4130 [0] = "b.lua", |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4131 [1] = "t1", [2] = "t2" } |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4132 </pre><p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4133 If there is no script in the call, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4134 the interpreter name goes to index 0, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4135 followed by the other arguments. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4136 For instance, the call |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4137 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4138 <pre> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4139 $ lua -e "print(arg[1])" |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4140 </pre><p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4141 will print "<code>-e</code>". |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4142 If there is a script, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4143 the script is called with parameters |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4144 <code>arg[1]</code>, ···, <code>arg[#arg]</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4145 (Like all chunks in Lua, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4146 the script is compiled as a vararg function.) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4147 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4148 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4149 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4150 In interactive mode, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4151 Lua repeatedly prompts and waits for a line. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4152 After reading a line, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4153 Lua first try to interpret the line as an expression. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4154 If it succeeds, it prints its value. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4155 Otherwise, it interprets the line as a statement. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4156 If you write an incomplete statement, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4157 the interpreter waits for its completion |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4158 by issuing a different prompt. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4159 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4160 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4161 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4162 In case of unprotected errors in the script, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4163 the interpreter reports the error to the standard error stream. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4164 If the error object is not a string but |
429
e3a6d9dbd694
rename __tostring to __to_string
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
428
diff
changeset
|
4165 has a metamethod <code>__to_string</code>, |
371
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4166 the interpreter calls this metamethod to produce the final message. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4167 Otherwise, the interpreter converts the error object to a string |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4168 and adds a stack traceback to it. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4169 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4170 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4171 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4172 When finishing normally, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4173 the interpreter closes its main Lua state |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4174 (see <a href="#lua_close"><code>lua_close</code></a>). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4175 The script can avoid this step by |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4176 calling <a href="#pdf-os.exit"><code>os.exit</code></a> to terminate. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4177 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4178 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4179 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4180 To allow the use of Lua as a |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4181 script interpreter in Unix systems, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4182 the standalone interpreter skips |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4183 the first line of a chunk if it starts with <code>#</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4184 Therefore, Lua scripts can be made into executable programs |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4185 by using <code>chmod +x</code> and the <code>#!</code> form, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4186 as in |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4187 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4188 <pre> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4189 #!/usr/local/bin/lua |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4190 </pre><p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4191 (Of course, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4192 the location of the Lua interpreter may be different in your machine. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4193 If <code>lua</code> is in your <code>PATH</code>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4194 then |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4195 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4196 <pre> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4197 #!/usr/bin/env lua |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4198 </pre><p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4199 is a more portable solution.) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4200 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4201 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4202 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4203 <h1>8 – <a name="8">Incompatibilities with the Previous Version</a></h1> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4204 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4205 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4206 Here we list the incompatibilities that you may find when moving a program |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4207 from Lua 5.2 to Lua 5.3. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4208 You can avoid some incompatibilities by compiling Lua with |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4209 appropriate options (see file <code>luaconf.h</code>). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4210 However, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4211 all these compatibility options will be removed in the future. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4212 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4213 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4214 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4215 Lua versions can always change the C API in ways that |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4216 do not imply source-code changes in a program, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4217 such as the numeric values for constants |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4218 or the implementation of functions as macros. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4219 Therefore, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4220 you should not assume that binaries are compatible between |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4221 different Lua versions. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4222 Always recompile clients of the Lua API when |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4223 using a new version. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4224 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4225 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4226 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4227 Similarly, Lua versions can always change the internal representation |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4228 of precompiled chunks; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4229 precompiled chunks are not compatible between different Lua versions. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4230 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4231 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4232 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4233 The standard paths in the official distribution may |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4234 change between versions. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4235 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4236 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4237 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4238 <h2>8.1 – <a name="8.1">Changes in the Language</a></h2> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4239 <ul> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4240 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4241 <li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4242 The main difference between Lua 5.2 and Lua 5.3 is the |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4243 introduction of an integer subtype for numbers. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4244 Although this change should not affect "normal" computations, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4245 some computations |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4246 (mainly those that involve some kind of overflow) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4247 can give different results. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4248 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4249 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4250 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4251 You can fix these differences by forcing a number to be a float |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4252 (in Lua 5.2 all numbers were float), |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4253 in particular writing constants with an ending <code>.0</code> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4254 or using <code>x = x + 0.0</code> to convert a variable. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4255 (This recommendation is only for a quick fix |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4256 for an occasional incompatibility; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4257 it is not a general guideline for good programming. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4258 For good programming, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4259 use floats where you need floats |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4260 and integers where you need integers.) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4261 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4262 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4263 <li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4264 The conversion of a float to a string now adds a <code>.0</code> suffix |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4265 to the result if it looks like an integer. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4266 (For instance, the float 2.0 will be printed as <code>2.0</code>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4267 not as <code>2</code>.) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4268 You should always use an explicit format |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4269 when you need a specific format for numbers. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4270 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4271 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4272 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4273 (Formally this is not an incompatibility, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4274 because Lua does not specify how numbers are formatted as strings, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4275 but some programs assumed a specific format.) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4276 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4277 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4278 <li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4279 The generational mode for the garbage collector was removed. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4280 (It was an experimental feature in Lua 5.2.) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4281 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4282 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4283 </ul> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4284 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4285 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4286 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4287 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4288 <h2>8.2 – <a name="8.2">Changes in the Libraries</a></h2> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4289 <ul> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4290 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4291 <li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4292 The <code>bit32</code> library has been deprecated. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4293 It is easy to require a compatible external library or, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4294 better yet, to replace its functions with appropriate bitwise operations. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4295 (Keep in mind that <code>bit32</code> operates on 32-bit integers, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4296 while the bitwise operators in standard Lua operate on 64-bit integers.) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4297 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4298 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4299 <li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4300 The Table library now respects metamethods |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4301 for setting and getting elements. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4302 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4303 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4304 <li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4305 The <a href="#pdf-ipairs"><code>ipairs</code></a> iterator now respects metamethods and |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4306 its <code>__ipairs</code> metamethod has been deprecated. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4307 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4308 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4309 <li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4310 Option names in <a href="#pdf-io.read"><code>io.read</code></a> do not have a starting '<code>*</code>' anymore. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4311 For compatibility, Lua will continue to ignore this character. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4312 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4313 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4314 <li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4315 The following functions were deprecated in the mathematical library: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4316 <code>atan2</code>, <code>cosh</code>, <code>sinh</code>, <code>tanh</code>, <code>pow</code>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4317 <code>frexp</code>, and <code>ldexp</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4318 You can replace <code>math.pow(x,y)</code> with <code>x^y</code>; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4319 you can replace <code>math.atan2</code> with <code>math.atan</code>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4320 which now accepts one or two parameters; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4321 you can replace <code>math.ldexp(x,exp)</code> with <code>x * 2.0^exp</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4322 For the other operations, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4323 you can either use an external library or |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4324 implement them in Lua. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4325 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4326 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4327 <li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4328 The searcher for C loaders used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4329 changed the way it handles versioned names. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4330 Now, the version should come after the module name |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4331 (as is usual in most other tools). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4332 For compatibility, that searcher still tries the old format |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4333 if it cannot find an open function according to the new style. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4334 (Lua 5.2 already worked that way, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4335 but it did not document the change.) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4336 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4337 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4338 </ul> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4339 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4340 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4341 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4342 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4343 <h2>8.3 – <a name="8.3">Changes in the API</a></h2> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4344 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4345 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4346 <ul> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4347 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4348 <li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4349 Continuation functions now receive as parameters what they needed |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4350 to get through <code>lua_getctx</code>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4351 so <code>lua_getctx</code> has been removed. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4352 Adapt your code accordingly. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4353 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4354 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4355 <li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4356 Function <a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a> has an extra parameter, <code>strip</code>. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4357 Use 0 as the value of this parameter to get the old behavior. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4358 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4359 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4360 <li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4361 Functions to inject/project unsigned integers |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4362 (<code>lua_pushunsigned</code>, <code>lua_tounsigned</code>, <code>lua_tounsignedx</code>, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4363 <code>luaL_checkunsigned</code>, <code>luaL_optunsigned</code>) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4364 were deprecated. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4365 Use their signed equivalents with a type cast. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4366 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4367 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4368 <li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4369 Macros to project non-default integer types |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4370 (<code>luaL_checkint</code>, <code>luaL_optint</code>, <code>luaL_checklong</code>, <code>luaL_optlong</code>) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4371 were deprecated. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4372 Use their equivalent over <a href="#lua_Integer"><code>lua_Integer</code></a> with a type cast |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4373 (or, when possible, use <a href="#lua_Integer"><code>lua_Integer</code></a> in your code). |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4374 </li> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4375 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4376 </ul> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4377 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4378 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4379 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4380 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4381 <h1>9 – <a name="9">The Complete Syntax of Lua</a></h1> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4382 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4383 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4384 Here is the complete syntax of Lua in extended BNF. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4385 As usual in extended BNF, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4386 {A} means 0 or more As, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4387 and [A] means an optional A. |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4388 (For operator precedences, see <a href="#3.4.8">§3.4.8</a>; |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4389 for a description of the terminals |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4390 Name, Numeral, |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4391 and LiteralString, see <a href="#3.1">§3.1</a>.) |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4392 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4393 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4394 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4395 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4396 <pre> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4397 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4398 chunk ::= block |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4399 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4400 block ::= {stat} [retstat] |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4401 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4402 stat ::= ‘<b>;</b>’ | |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4403 varlist ‘<b>=</b>’ explist | |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4404 functioncall | |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4405 label | |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4406 <b>break</b> | |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4407 <b>goto</b> Name | |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4408 <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> | |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4409 <b>while</b> exp <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> | |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4410 <b>repeat</b> block <b>until</b> exp | |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4411 <b>if</b> exp <b>then</b> block {<b>elseif</b> exp <b>then</b> block} [<b>else</b> block] <b>end</b> | |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4412 <b>for</b> Name ‘<b>=</b>’ exp ‘<b>,</b>’ exp [‘<b>,</b>’ exp] <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> | |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4413 <b>for</b> namelist <b>in</b> explist <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> | |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4414 <b>function</b> funcname funcbody | |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4415 <b>local</b> <b>function</b> Name funcbody | |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4416 <b>local</b> namelist [‘<b>=</b>’ explist] |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4417 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4418 retstat ::= <b>return</b> [explist] [‘<b>;</b>’] |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4419 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4420 label ::= ‘<b>::</b>’ Name ‘<b>::</b>’ |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4421 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4422 funcname ::= Name {‘<b>.</b>’ Name} [‘<b>:</b>’ Name] |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4423 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4424 varlist ::= var {‘<b>,</b>’ var} |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4425 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4426 var ::= Name | prefixexp ‘<b>[</b>’ exp ‘<b>]</b>’ | prefixexp ‘<b>.</b>’ Name |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4427 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4428 namelist ::= Name {‘<b>,</b>’ Name} |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4429 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4430 explist ::= exp {‘<b>,</b>’ exp} |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4431 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4432 exp ::= <b>nil</b> | <b>false</b> | <b>true</b> | Numeral | LiteralString | ‘<b>...</b>’ | functiondef | |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4433 prefixexp | tableconstructor | exp binop exp | unop exp |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4434 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4435 prefixexp ::= var | functioncall | ‘<b>(</b>’ exp ‘<b>)</b>’ |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4436 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4437 functioncall ::= prefixexp args | prefixexp ‘<b>:</b>’ Name args |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4438 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4439 args ::= ‘<b>(</b>’ [explist] ‘<b>)</b>’ | tableconstructor | LiteralString |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4440 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4441 functiondef ::= <b>function</b> funcbody |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4442 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4443 funcbody ::= ‘<b>(</b>’ [parlist] ‘<b>)</b>’ block <b>end</b> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4444 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4445 parlist ::= namelist [‘<b>,</b>’ ‘<b>...</b>’] | ‘<b>...</b>’ |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4446 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4447 tableconstructor ::= ‘<b>{</b>’ [fieldlist] ‘<b>}</b>’ |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4448 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4449 fieldlist ::= field {fieldsep field} [fieldsep] |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4450 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4451 field ::= ‘<b>[</b>’ exp ‘<b>]</b>’ ‘<b>=</b>’ exp | Name ‘<b>=</b>’ exp | exp |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4452 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4453 fieldsep ::= ‘<b>,</b>’ | ‘<b>;</b>’ |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4454 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4455 binop ::= ‘<b>+</b>’ | ‘<b>-</b>’ | ‘<b>*</b>’ | ‘<b>/</b>’ | ‘<b>//</b>’ | ‘<b>^</b>’ | ‘<b>%</b>’ | |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4456 ‘<b>&</b>’ | ‘<b>~</b>’ | ‘<b>|</b>’ | ‘<b>>></b>’ | ‘<b><<</b>’ | ‘<b>..</b>’ | |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4457 ‘<b><</b>’ | ‘<b><=</b>’ | ‘<b>></b>’ | ‘<b>>=</b>’ | ‘<b>==</b>’ | ‘<b>~=</b>’ | |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4458 <b>and</b> | <b>or</b> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4459 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4460 unop ::= ‘<b>-</b>’ | <b>not</b> | ‘<b>#</b>’ | ‘<b>~</b>’ |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4461 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4462 </pre> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4463 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4464 <p> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4465 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4466 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4467 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4468 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4469 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4470 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4471 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4472 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4473 <HR> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4474 <SMALL CLASS="footer"> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4475 Last update: |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4476 Fri Jan 16 00:58:20 BRST 2015 |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4477 </SMALL> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4478 <!-- |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4479 Last change: minor edit |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4480 --> |
e01cddba3433
add manual.html as copy of Lua 5.3 Reference Manual
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4481 |
372 | 4482 </div> |
386
db23f654f87d
make all of website use luan
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
382
diff
changeset
|
4483 |
391
2f5cc9c2cbf0
replace Html.simply_html_page with simply_html_head and simply_html_body_bottom
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
389
diff
changeset
|
4484 </body> |
2f5cc9c2cbf0
replace Html.simply_html_page with simply_html_head and simply_html_body_bottom
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
389
diff
changeset
|
4485 </html> |
2f5cc9c2cbf0
replace Html.simply_html_page with simply_html_head and simply_html_body_bottom
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
389
diff
changeset
|
4486 <% |
386
db23f654f87d
make all of website use luan
Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com>
parents:
382
diff
changeset
|
4487 end |