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annotate website/src/tutorial.html @ 1503:74c534de211f
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| author | Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com> |
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| date | Sun, 10 May 2020 23:28:16 -0600 |
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| 1216 | 1 <!doctype html> |
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2 <html> |
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3 <head> |
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4 <title>Luan Tutorial</title> |
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5 <style> |
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6 @import "site.css"; |
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7 </style> |
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8 </head> |
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9 <body> |
| 382 | 10 |
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11 <div small> |
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12 <a href=".">Luan</a> |
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13 / <a href="docs.html">Documentation</a> |
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14 </div> |
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15 |
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16 <h1>Luan Tutorial</h1> |
| 382 | 17 |
| 18 | |
| 19 <p>Create a file <b>hello.luan</b> containing:</p> | |
| 20 | |
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21 <pre> |
| 382 | 22 %> |
| 23 Hello World | |
| 24 <% | |
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25 </pre> |
| 382 | 26 |
| 1045 | 27 <p>To run this, type <b>luan hello.luan</b> on the command line. This should print <b>Hello World</b>.</p> |
| 382 | 28 |
| 29 <p>The syntax here is based on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaServer_Pages">JSP</a>. Let's change it a little:</p> | |
| 30 | |
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31 <pre> |
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32 local name = "Bob" |
| 382 | 33 %> |
| 34 Hello <%= name %> | |
| 35 <% | |
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36 </pre> |
| 382 | 37 |
| 38 <p>This should print <b>Hello Bob</b>. Now let's try a more conventional approach:</p> | |
| 39 | |
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40 <pre> |
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41 local Io = require "luan:Io.luan" |
| 382 | 42 local print = Io.print |
| 43 | |
| 44 print("Hello World") | |
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45 </pre> |
| 382 | 46 |
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47 <p>In Luan, a function call with one string argument doesn't require parenthesis, so <b>print("Hello World")</b> is the same as <b>print "Hello World"</b> and <b>require "luan:Io.luan"</b> is the same as <b>require("luan:Io.luan")</b>. Both <b>require</b> and <b>print</b> are functions.</p> |
| 382 | 48 |
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49 <p>The <b>require</b> function takes a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_resource_identifier">URI</a> as an argument. Examples of URIs are "<b>luan:Io.luan</b>" and "<b>file:hello.luan</b>". <b>require</b> is used to import a module, which is returned from the <b>require</b> function call. In the case above, we assign the module to the local variable <b>Io</b>. The function <b>print</b> is a member of this module. We could have done <b>Io.print("Hello World")</b> but instead we chose to assign <b>print</b> to a local variable and use that to call the function.</p> |
| 382 | 50 |
| 51 <p>Luan starts with only two defined functions: <b>require</b> and <b>java</b>. You will use <b>require</b> to import whatever you need. This is a little more work, but makes it clear in each file where each function comes from.</p> | |
| 52 | |
| 53 <p>Let's a make fancier version:</p> | |
| 54 | |
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55 <pre> |
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56 local Io = require "luan:Io.luan" |
| 382 | 57 local print = Io.print |
| 58 | |
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59 local function hello(name) |
| 382 | 60 print("Hello "..name) |
| 61 end | |
| 62 | |
| 63 hello("Bob") | |
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64 </pre> |
| 382 | 65 |
| 66 <p>The <b>..</b> operator does concatenation. This will print <b>Hello Bob</b>.</p> | |
| 67 | |
| 1217 | 68 <p>Now let's make a web page. First we need a directory for our website. So create a directory <b>site</b>. In this directory, create a file <b>hi.html.luan</b> containing: |
| 382 | 69 |
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70 <pre> |
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71 local Io = require "luan:Io.luan" |
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72 local Http = require "luan:http/Http.luan" |
| 382 | 73 |
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74 return function() |
| 382 | 75 Io.stdout = Http.response.text_writer() |
| 736 | 76 %> |
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77 <!doctype html> |
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78 <html> |
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79 <body> |
| 736 | 80 Hello World |
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81 </body> |
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82 </html> |
| 736 | 83 <% |
| 382 | 84 end |
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85 </pre> |
| 382 | 86 |
| 1217 | 87 <p>Now go back to the parent directory and do <b>luan luan:http/serve.luan file:site</b>. This will run the Luan web server on port 8080. Try going to <a href="http://localhost:8080/">http://localhost:8080/</a>. You should see the directory. If you click on <b>hi.html.luan</b> you will see the source. But if you remove the <b>.luan</b> and just go to <a href="http://localhost:8080/hi.html">http://localhost:8080/hi.html</a> then you will run the program which will generate the web page.</p> |
| 382 | 88 |
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89 <p>The Luan webserver expects the file to return a function and calls it to generate the page. Code of the form <b>%>...<%</b> writes its output to <b>Io.stdout</b> which by default is the standard output of the command line. So in the returned function one usually starts by setting <b>Io.stdout</b> to a <code>text_writer</code> which writes its output to the HTTP response (to the web browser).</p> |
| 382 | 90 |
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91 <p>You can find this example and others in the <a href="examples/">examples directory</a>. Take a look at <a href="examples/hi2.luan">hi2.luan</a> next. Remember to remove the <b>.luan</b> from the URL to run the code.</p> |
| 382 | 92 |
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93 <p>So now you have built your website and you want to publish it to the web. If you have your own domain, create a CNAME record for it pointing to <b>s1.luan.ws</b>. If you don't have a domain, just use a domain like <b>bob.s1.luan.ws</b> (anything of the form <b>*.s1.luan.ws</b>). Assuming your directory is <b>site</b> and you will use the password <b>secret</b>, do the following from the command line: |
| 382 | 94 |
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95 <pre> |
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96 luan luan:host/push.luan bob.s1.luan.ws secret site |
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97 </pre> |
| 382 | 98 |
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99 <p>The form is <b>luan luan:host/push.luan domain password directory</b>. If you change your site, just run this again and your site will be updated. To delete your site, do <b>luan luan:host/delete.luan domain password</b>.</p> |
| 382 | 100 |
| 101 <p>Hopefully this short tutorial gave you an idea of how to use Luan to make a website.</p> | |
| 102 | |
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103 </body> |
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104 </html> |