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author | Franklin Schmidt <fschmidt@gmail.com> |
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date | Sun, 21 Mar 2021 16:13:05 -0600 |
parents | 13135e289b50 |
children | 7eddf1e990c0 |
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<!doctype html> <html> <head> <title>Luan Tutorial</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <style> @import "site.css"; </style> </head> <body> <div small> <a href=".">Luan</a> / <a href="docs.html">Documentation</a> </div> <h1>Luan Tutorial</h1> <p>Create a file <b>hello.luan</b> containing:</p> <pre> %> Hello World <% </pre> <p>To run this, type <b>luan hello.luan</b> on the command line. This should print <b>Hello World</b>.</p> <p>The syntax here is based on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaServer_Pages">JSP</a>. Let's change it a little:</p> <pre> local name = "Bob" %> Hello <%= name %> <% </pre> <p>This should print <b>Hello Bob</b>. Now let's try a more conventional approach:</p> <pre> local Io = require "luan:Io.luan" local print = Io.print print("Hello World") </pre> <p>In Luan, a function call with one string argument doesn't require parenthesis, so <b>print("Hello World")</b> is the same as <b>print "Hello World"</b> and <b>require "luan:Io.luan"</b> is the same as <b>require("luan:Io.luan")</b>. Both <b>require</b> and <b>print</b> are functions.</p> <p>The <b>require</b> function takes a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_resource_identifier">URI</a> as an argument. Examples of URIs are "<b>luan:Io.luan</b>" and "<b>file:hello.luan</b>". <b>require</b> is used to import a module, which is returned from the <b>require</b> function call. In the case above, we assign the module to the local variable <b>Io</b>. The function <b>print</b> is a member of this module. We could have done <b>Io.print("Hello World")</b> but instead we chose to assign <b>print</b> to a local variable and use that to call the function.</p> <p>Luan starts with only two defined functions: <b>require</b> and <b>java</b>. You will use <b>require</b> to import whatever you need. This is a little more work, but makes it clear in each file where each function comes from.</p> <p>Let's a make fancier version:</p> <pre> local Io = require "luan:Io.luan" local print = Io.print local function hello(name) print("Hello "..name) end hello("Bob") </pre> <p>The <b>..</b> operator does concatenation. This will print <b>Hello Bob</b>.</p> <p>Now let's make a web page. First we need a directory for our website. So create a directory <b>site</b>. In this directory, create a file <b>hi.html.luan</b> containing: <pre> local Io = require "luan:Io.luan" local Http = require "luan:http/Http.luan" return function() Io.stdout = Http.response.text_writer() %> <!doctype html> <html> <body> Hello World </body> </html> <% end </pre> <p>Now go back to the parent directory and do <b>luan luan:http/serve.luan file:site</b>. This will run the Luan web server on port 8080. Try going to <a href="http://localhost:8080/">http://localhost:8080/</a>. You should see the directory. If you click on <b>hi.html.luan</b> you will see the source. But if you remove the <b>.luan</b> and just go to <a href="http://localhost:8080/hi.html">http://localhost:8080/hi.html</a> then you will run the program which will generate the web page.</p> <p>The Luan webserver expects the file to return a function and calls it to generate the page. Code of the form <b>%>...<%</b> writes its output to <b>Io.stdout</b> which by default is the standard output of the command line. So in the returned function one usually starts by setting <b>Io.stdout</b> to a <code>text_writer</code> which writes its output to the HTTP response (to the web browser).</p> <p>You can find this example and others in the <a href="examples/">examples directory</a>. Take a look at <a href="examples/hi2.luan">hi2.luan</a> next. Remember to remove the <b>.luan</b> from the URL to run the code.</p> <p>So now you have built your website and you want to publish it to the web. If you have your own domain, create a CNAME record for it pointing to <b>s1.luan.software</b>. If you don't have a domain, just use a domain like <b>bob.s1.luan.software</b> (anything of the form <b>*.s1.luan.software</b>). Assuming your directory is <b>site</b> and you will use the password <b>secret</b>, do the following from the command line: <pre> luan luan:host/push.luan bob.s1.luan.software secret site </pre> <p>The form is <b>luan luan:host/push.luan domain password directory</b>. If you change your site, just run this again and your site will be updated. To delete your site, do <b>luan luan:host/delete.luan domain password</b>.</p> <p>Hopefully this short tutorial gave you an idea of how to use Luan to make a website.</p> </body> </html>