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+<title>THE PLEASURABLE WAY TO A SUPERIOR MIND</title>
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+<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-size: 14pt"><a name="THE PLEASURABLE WAY TO A SUPERIOR MIND"></a>THE PLEASURABLE WAY TO A SUPERIOR MIND</span></span></span></span></p>
+<br>
+<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 14pt">&copy; 2004 Milton N. Bradley</span></span></span></span></p>
+<br>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt">&#9679;<span>&#160;&#160;</span><span style="font-weight: bold">SIMPLE, ELEGANT RULES.</span></span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span>&#160;&#160;</span>&#9675;<span>&#160;&#160;</span>Rules as simple as checkers. Strategy more profound than chess. </span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span>&#160;&#160;</span>&#9675;<span>&#160;&#160;</span> No different piece moves to master. </span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span>&#160;&#160;</span>&#9675;<span>&#160;&#160;</span> No fixed starting setup. Each game uniquely structured by the players themselves. </span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span>&#160;&#160;</span>&#9675;<span>&#160;&#160;</span>Integral handicap system allows even players of widely different ability to enjoy truly
+competitive games. </span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span>&#160;&#160;</span>&#9675;<span>&#160;&#160;</span> Suitable for age 3 - Ph.D. </span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-weight: bold">&#9679;<span>&#160;&#160;</span> NO "LUCK" OR CHANCE. </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt">Just outsmart your opponent to win. </span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-weight: bold"></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-weight: bold">&#9679;<span>&#160;&#160;</span> A GAME OF EXQUISITE SUBTLETY.</span></span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span>&#160;&#160;</span>&#9675;<span>&#160;&#160;</span> Profound Strategy. (Like football, many different plays from the same initial "set".) </span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span>&#160;&#160;<span>&#9675;<span>&#160;&#160;</span> Dazzling Tactical Magic. (Like Judo, use the opponent's strength against him.) </span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span>&#160;&#160;<span>&#9675;<span>&#160;&#160;</span> Features pincer attacks, ambushes, feints, diversions, traps, and "airborne" invasions
+behind enemy lines. </span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-weight: bold">&#9679;<span>&#160;&#160;</span> VAST SCOPE, ALMOST LIMITLESS POSSIBILITIES. </span></span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-weight: bold"></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-weight: bold">&#9679;<span>&#160;&#160;</span>ALWAYS CHALLENGING. Every game different, never routine or boring..</span></span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-weight: bold"></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-weight: bold">&#9679;<span>&#160;&#160;</span> FULLY UTILIZES/INTEGRATES ARTISTIC/ANALYTIC ABILITIES.</span></span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-weight: bold"></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-weight: bold">&#9679;<span>&#160;&#160;</span> ABSTRACT MODEL OF REAL WORLD BUSINESS/ECONOMIC
+COMPETITION.</span></span></span></p>
+<br>
+<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-weight: bold"></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="text-decoration: underline">CHILDREN/STUDENTS</span></span></span></span></p>
+<br>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-weight: bold"></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-weight: bold">&#9679;<span>&#160;&#160;</span> DEVELOPS GOOD STUDY HABITS.</span></span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-weight: bold"></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-weight: bold">&#9679;<span>&#160;&#160;</span> TEACHES VITAL REASONING SKILLS.</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"> Creates an enjoyable, mentally stimulating
+environment in which even very young children learn how to: </span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span>&#160;&#160</span>&#9675;<span>&#160;&#160;</span>Objectively appraise a competitive situation. </span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span>&#160;&#160;</span>&#9675;<span>&#160;&#160;</span> Identify what's important and what's not. </span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span>&#160;&#160;</span>&#9675;<span>&#160;&#160;</span>Evaluate the feasible alternatives.
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span>&#160;&#160;</span>&#9675;<span>&#160;&#160;</span> Recall/apply pertinent facts and techniques. </span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span>&#160;&#160;</span>&#9675;<span>&#160;&#160;</span> Develop appropriate alternative strategy and tactics. </span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span>&#160;&#160;</span>&#9675;<span>&#160;&#160;</span> Calculate the value and risks of each alternative. </span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span>&#160;&#160;</span>&#9675;<span>&#160;&#160;</span> Prioritize them. </span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span>&#160;&#160;</span>&#9675;<span>&#160;&#160;</span> Make and implement decisions. </span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span>&#160;&#160;</span>&#9675;<span>&#160;&#160;</span> Observe the outcome, cope with the consequences, and then </span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span>&#160;&#160;</span>&#9675;<span>&#160;&#160;</span> Repeat the decision making cycle, as appropriate. </span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span>&#160;&#160;</span><span style="font-weight: bold">TEACHES REAL-LIFE REASONING/JUDGMENT SKILLS</span></span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span>&#160;&#160;</span>&#9675;<span>&#160;&#160;</span> Long term planning succeeds, "instant gratification" fails. </span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span>&#160;&#160;</span>&#9675;<span>&#160;&#160;</span> Greed is counter-productive. The opponent must always get his due. </span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span>&#160;&#160;</span>&#9675;<span>&#160;&#160;</span> No simplistic, fixed plan can succeed against competent opposition. A balanced,
+flexible approach is the only possible route to victory. </span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span>&#160;&#160;</span>&#9675;<span>&#160;&#160;</span> Rote memory is useful but insufficient. </span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span>&#160;&#160;</span>&#9675;<span>&#160;&#160;</span> Deep positional analysis, understanding and sound judgment dominate even the best
+tactics. No "quick kill" is possible against competent opposition. </span></span></p>
+<p style="text-indent: -1in; margin-left: 1in"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span>&#160;&#160;</span>&#9675;<span>&#160;&#160;</span></span></span></p>
+<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span style="font-weight: bold">ADULTS</span></span></span></span></p>
+<br>
+<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-weight: bold">ABSTRACT MODEL OF REAL WORLD BUSINESS/POLITICAL COMPETITION.</span></span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt">&#9679;<span>&#160;&#160;</span>Overall strategic judgment and patient development dominate tactics. </span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt">&#9679;<span>&#160;&#160;</span>Investment for the future is generally superior to emphasis on immediate profit, but ultimate
+success almost always requires a carefully balanced set of tradeoffs between both objectives.</span></span></span></p>
+<p<span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt">&#9679;<span>&#160;&#160;</span> The game that taught Japan the strategies that have moved them into leadership in such fields
+as automobiles and semiconductors! </span></span></p>
+<br>
+<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span style="font-weight: bold"></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span style="font-weight: bold">SENIORS</span></span></span></span></p>
+<br>
+<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-weight: bold">AIDS MEMORY, REVERSES SENILE DEMENTIA, MAY HELP PREVENT
+ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE.</span></span></span></p>
+<br>
+<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-weight: bold">In his regular column "The Empty Board" in the American Go Journal, Vol. 34, #3, Fall 2000,
+William S. Cobb reports:</span></span></span></p>
+<br>
+<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-weight: bold">"Last June (I visited) Japan to participate in a symposium on the educational benefits of
+teaching Go in schools. ....... On this trip I discovered that the Japanese have become
+seriously interested in the possibilities of using Go as a therapy for people with mental
+problems."</span></span></span></p>
+<br>
+<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-weight: bold">And Cobb goes on to say:</span></span></span></p>
+<br>
+<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-weight: bold">"In recent years, Dr. Kaneko Mitsuo, a Japanese neurosurgeon with an international
+reputation, has been working with older people suffering from senile dementia. Using PET
+scans he has shown that there is substantial area of the right brain that begins to atrophy in
+people who suffer from dementia. This turns out to be essentially the same part of the brain
+that is most active when engaging in musical activities and in playing Go. To research this
+further, Dr. Kaneko has been teaching Go to patients in the beginning stages of dementia.
+(He) is now convinced that learning to play Go can <span style="text-decoration: underline">reverse the development of dementia</span> in
+virtually all patients in the beginning stages of the disease. Of course, this does not apply to
+Alzheimer's, which is still an incurable condition, but it does work for common dementia."</span></span></span></p>
+<br>
+<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-weight: bold">Other recent medical research indicates that older individuals who vigorously and consistently
+exercise their REASONING abilities also have <span style="text-decoration: underline">a far lower incidence of Alzheimer's Disease</span>
+than those who do not! </span></span></span></p>
+<br>
+<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="font-weight: bold">And, as you may have gleaned from the foregoing, for this purpose the 4000 year old game of
+Go is far superior to any other known mechanism!</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt"> Why? Because playing Go regularly is not only
+enjoyable but also results in intense exercise and integration of both left and right brain function to a
+degree not otherwise achievable!</span></span></p>
+<br>
+<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt">The number of Alzheimer&#8217;s cases in the US has been estimated at 4 million in a total population of
+about 280 million. But because Alzheimer&#8217;s is essentially found only in the elderly, the true basis for
+comparison is really no more than half that number, or 140 million at most, yielding an expectation of
+Alzheimer&#8217;s incidence in the general population on the order of approximately 3%. Given that there are
+currently approximately 400 recognized Go professionals in the world, and that there have been many,
+many thousands in the period from 1612 when Go was institutionalized in Japan under the rule of
+Shogun Tokugawa until the present time, if their incidence of Alzheimer&#8217;s disease was the same as that
+of the general population there should be at least 6 current sufferers in their ranks, and a long history of
+those who contracted Alzheimer&#8217;s in the past. But in fact there have never been even a single one!</span></span></p>
+<br>
+<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt">This was validated by the following email I received on Monday June 14, 2004 in response to my
+enquiry on this subject:</span></span></p>
+<br>
+<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt">Dear Mr. Bradley,</span></span></p>
+<br>
+<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt">To our knowledge, <span style="font-weight: bold">there have been no professional go players who have ever suffered from
+Alzheimer's</span>. In a note President of the World Bridge Federation recently gave me are put these lines:
+"Very serious medical studies carried out by universities in California have proved that groups of bridge
+players, for example, are much less likely to develop Alzheimer's or Parkinson's than non-players." It
+appears that the same goes with Go. There have been published since a couple of years books  by
+Japanese neurologists regarding Go and mental health of the aged persons, all of which have proved
+positive effects on aged go players.  It is related to the function of "right brain".</span></span></p>
+<br>
+<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt">Regards,</span></span></p>
+<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt">Riichi Yamamoto</span></span></p>
+<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt">Advisor, Overseas Dept</span></span></p>
+<p><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12pt">Nihon Ki-in</span></span></p>
+<br>
+<p><a href="America.html"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span style="color: #0033ff"><span style="font-weight: bold">Continue</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></p>
+<br>
+<p><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="color: #000000">Click Here To Return To</span></span><a href="index.html"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="color: #0000ff"><span style="text-decoration: underline"><span style="color: #0033ff"><span style="font-weight: bold"> Milt's Go Page</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt"><span style="color: #000000"></span></span></p>
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